ArticlePloS one2009
Toll-like receptor mRNA expression is selectively increased in the colonic mucosa of two animal models relevant to irritable bowel syndrome.
Article in PloS one, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of IBS-associated E. coli strains with epithelial inflammatory responses and tight junction dysregulation in Caco-2 cells.BMC research notes · 2026Article
- Early life stress and the pathogenesis of visceral hypersensitivity: mechanisms and implications for disorders of gut-brain interaction.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Life Experience Matters: Enrichment and Stress Can Influence the Likelihood of Developing Alzheimer's Disease via Gut Microbiome.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- The Stressed Gut: Region-specific Immune and Neuroplasticity Changes in Response to Chronic Psychosocial Stress.Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility · 2023Article
- Involvement of toll-like receptor 5 in mouse model of colonic hypersensitivity induced by neonatal maternal separation.World journal of gastroenterology · 2022Article
- Colonic Gene Expression and Fecal Microbiota in Diarrhea-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Increased Toll-like Receptor 4 but Minimal Inflammation and no Response to Mesalazine.Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility · 2021Article
- Potential neuro-immune therapeutic targets in irritable bowel syndrome.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2020Review
- Calcium Pyruvate Exerts Beneficial Effects in an Experimental Model of Irritable Bowel Disease Induced by DCA in Rats.Nutrients · 2019Article
- The Potential Role of Gut Mycobiome in Irritable Bowel Syndrome.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Review
- Expression of Toll-like Receptors, Pro-, and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Relation to Gut Microbiota in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: The Evidence for Its Micro-organic Basis.Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility · 2018Article
- Profile of gene expression of TLR-signaling pathways in colorectal cancer tissues.International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology · 2017Article
- Increased Expression of Toll-Like Receptors 4, 5, and 9 in Small Bowel Mucosa from Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome.BioMed research international · 2017Article
- Stress and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Visceral Pain: Relevance to Irritable Bowel Syndrome.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2016Review
- Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Toll-Like Receptor Gene Expression Is Associated with Low-Grade Inflammation in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients with Depression.Gastroenterology research and practice · 2016Article
- Stress-induced visceral pain: toward animal models of irritable-bowel syndrome and associated comorbidities.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2015Review
- Irritable bowel syndrome: a microbiome-gut-brain axis disorder?World journal of gastroenterology · 2014Review
- Minireview: Gut microbiota: the neglected endocrine organ.Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2014Review
- Microbiota-host interactions in irritable bowel syndrome: epithelial barrier, immune regulation and brain-gut interactions.World journal of gastroenterology · 2014Review
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Peripheral Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.Clujul medical (1957) · 2014Review
- What does irritable bowel syndrome share with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?World journal of gastroenterology · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is largely viewed as a stress-related disorder caused by aberrant brain-gut-immune communication and altered gastrointestinal (GI) homeostasis. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that stress modulates innate immune responses; however, very little is known on the immunological effects of stress on the GI tract. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical pattern recognition molecules of the innate immune system. Activation of TLRs by bacterial and viral molecules leads to activation of NF-kB and an increase in inflammatory cytokine expression. It was our hypothesis that innate immune receptor expression may be changed in the gastrointestinal tract of animals with stress-induced IBS-like symptoms. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsIn this study, our objective was to evaluate the TLR expression profile in the colonic mucosa of two rat strains that display colonic visceral hypersensitivity; the stress-sensitive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat and the maternally separated (MS) rat. Quantitative PCR of TLR2-10 mRNA in both the proximal and distal colonic mucosae was carried out in adulthood. Significant increases are seen in the mRNA levels of TLR3, 4 & 5 in both the distal and proximal colonic mucosa of MS rats compared with controls. No significant differences were noted for TLR 2, 7, 9 & 10 while TLR 6 could not be detected in any samples in both rat strains. The WKY strain have increased levels of mRNA expression of TLR3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 & 10 in both the distal and proximal colonic mucosa compared to the control Sprague-Dawley strain. No significant differences in expression were found for TLR2 while as before TLR6 could not be detected in all samples in both strains.
conclusionsThese data suggest that both early life stress (MS) and a genetic predisposition (WKY) to stress affect the expression of key sentinels of the innate immune system which may have direct relevance for the molecular pathophysiology of IBS.
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Registered trials
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