ArticleJAMA2009
Association of plasma leptin levels with incident Alzheimer disease and MRI measures of brain aging.
Article in JAMA, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 203 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
203 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 426 citations in OpenAlex.
- Leptin: role over central nervous system in epilepsy.BMC neuroscience · 2018Pooled it
- Late-life body mass index and amyloid interaction on cognitive decline in unimpaired older adults.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Trial
- Association of cognition with leptin and vascular endothelial growth factor in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2022Trial
- Higher Adiposity Is Associated With Slower Cognitive Decline in Hypertensive Patients: Secondary Analysis of the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2017Trial
- Effects of resveratrol on memory performance, hippocampal functional connectivity, and glucose metabolism in healthy older adults.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2014Trial
- Short-term plasticity of gray matter associated with leptin deficiency and replacement.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2011Trial
- DNA methylation signature of cognitive reserve moderates CSF tau pathology in prodromal Alzheimer's disease.Research square · 2026Article
- JAK/STAT signaling pathway inhibitors in neurodegenerative diseases: current status and future perspectives.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Surgical removal of visceral adipose tissue has therapeutic benefit in male APPFrontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Insulin resistance (TyG index) and body mass index as metabolic biomarker combined with ApoE genotype to diagnose Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Leptin as a Potential Modifier of Neuroinflammation: Contrasting Roles in Alzheimer's Disease and Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Leptin in Neurodegenerative Disease.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Association of BMI and Cognitive Performance in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2025Article
- Association of cardiometabolic multimorbidity and high-risk lifestyle behaviours with subjective cognitive decline: baseline findings from the China ageing and health survey.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Association Between Anthropometry and Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Secondary Analysis from the 'Cognition in Diabetes' Study.TouchREVIEWS in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Review
- Vulnerability of mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus of Alzheimer's disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- Leptin levels are associated with body mass index and Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- How is the brain affected by metabolically healthy or unhealthy obesity in adulthood and elderly? A narrative review of neuroimaging and neurocognitive findings.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
- Leptin bioavailability and markers of brain atrophy and vascular injury in the middle age.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
143 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextThe adipokine leptin facilitates long-term potentiation and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, promotes beta-amyloid clearance, and improves memory function in animal models of aging and Alzheimer disease (AD).
objectiveTo relate baseline circulating leptin concentrations in a community-based sample of individuals without dementia to incident dementia and AD during follow-up and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of brain aging in survivors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND
participantsProspective study of plasma leptin concentrations measured in 785 persons without dementia (mean [SD] age, 79 [5] years; 62% female), who were in the Framingham original cohort at the 22nd examination cycle (1990-1994). A subsample of 198 dementia-free survivors underwent volumetric brain MRI between 1999 and 2005, approximately 7.7 years after leptin was assayed. Two measures of brain aging, total cerebral brain volume and temporal horn volume (which is inversely related to hippocampal volume) were assessed.
main outcome measureIncidence of dementia and AD during follow-up until December 31, 2007.
resultsDuring a median follow-up of 8.3 years (range, 0-15.5 years), 111 participants developed incident dementia; 89 had AD. Higher leptin levels were associated with a lower risk of incident dementia and AD in multivariable models (hazard ratio per 1-SD increment in log leptin was 0.68 [95% confidence interval, 0.54-0.87] for all-cause dementia and 0.60 [95% confidence interval, 0.46-0.79] for AD). This corresponds to an absolute AD risk over a 12-year follow-up of 25% for persons in the lowest quartile (first quartile) vs 6% for persons in the fourth quartile of sex-specific leptin levels. In addition, a 1-SD elevation in plasma leptin level was associated with higher total cerebral brain volume and lower temporal horn volume, although the association of leptin level with temporal horn volume did not reach statistical significance.
conclusionCirculating leptin was associated with a reduced incidence of dementia and AD and with cerebral brain volume in asymptomatic older adults.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.