Evidence map›Paper›PMID 20008934›Full record

ArticleGenes & development2009

Transcriptional competence and the active marking of tissue-specific enhancers by defined transcription factors in embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells.

Jian Xu, Jason A Watts, Scott D Pope, Paul Gadue, Mark Kamps, Kathrin Plath, Kenneth S Zaret, Stephen T Smale

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genes & development, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
108citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

108 citing papers in PubMed, 178 citations in OpenAlex.

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  8. Genes & development · 2023
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  11. Different SP1 binding dynamics at individual genomic loci in human cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021
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48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Jian XuMolecular Biology Institute, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
Jason A Watts
Scott D Pope
Paul Gadue
Mark Kamps
Kathrin Plath
Kenneth S Zaret
Stephen T Smale
Broad Center · USChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia · USFox Chase Cancer Center · USUniversity of California, Los Angeles · USUniversity of California, San Diego · USUniversity of Pennsylvania · US

Funding

MULTIDISCIPLINARY TRAINING IN MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIST32AI007323 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Peter John Bradley · 1988 to 2026
$8.6M
Trans-acting Factors Causing Cell Specific Gene ControlR37GM036477 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI ZARET, KENNETH · 2006 to 2015
$5.4M
Pro-inflammatory gene regulation in a native chromatin environmentR01CA127279 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI SMALE, STEPHEN T · 2008 to 2011
$1.2M
Pioneer factor interactions in embryonic stem cellsR21CA137278 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI SMALE, STEPHEN T · 2009 to 2010
$352k
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA127279NCI NIH HHS R21 CA137278NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007323NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI07323NIGMS NIH HHS R37 GM036477NIGMS NIH HHS R37 GM36477
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We reported previously that well-characterized enhancers but not promoters for typical tissue-specific genes, including the classic Alb1 gene, contain unmethylated CpG dinucleotides and evidence of pioneer factor interactions in embryonic stem (ES) cells. These properties, which are distinct from the bivalent histone modification domains that characterize the promoters of genes involved in developmental decisions, raise the possibility that genes expressed only in differentiated cells may need to be marked at the pluripotent stage. Here, we demonstrate that the forkhead family member FoxD3 is essential for the unmethylated mark observed at the Alb1 enhancer in ES cells, with FoxA1 replacing FoxD3 following differentiation into endoderm. Up-regulation of FoxD3 and loss of CpG methylation at the Alb1 enhancer accompanied the reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Studies of two genes expressed in specific hematopoietic lineages revealed that the establishment of enhancer marks in ES cells and iPS cells can be regulated both positively and negatively. Furthermore, the absence of a pre-established mark consistently resulted in resistance to transcriptional activation in the repressive chromatin environment that characterizes differentiated cells. These results support the hypothesis that pluripotency and successful reprogramming may be critically dependent on the marking of enhancers for many or all tissue-specific genes.

Indexed as

AnimalsCell LineCellular ReprogrammingCpG IslandsDNA MethylationEmbryonic Stem CellsEnhancer Elements, GeneticFibroblastsForkhead Transcription FactorsGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalInduced Pluripotent Stem CellsMacrophagesMiceMice, Inbred C57BLTranscription, GeneticUp-RegulationForkhead Transcription Factors

Identifiers

PMID20008934
PMCPMC2800090
OpenAlexW2172174055

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.