ArticleTobacco control2010
A cross-sectional study on levels of second-hand smoke in restaurants and bars in five cities in China.
Article in Tobacco control, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Indoor air quality in waterpipe cafés: exposure level to particulate matter.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2019Article
- Waterpipe cafés are hazardous to your health: Determination of a waterpipe specific calibration factor.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2018Article
- Protecting the world from secondhand tobacco smoke exposure: where do we stand and where do we go from here?Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2013Review
- The impact of the Cyprus comprehensive smoking ban on air quality and economic business of hospitality venues.BMC public health · 2013Article
- Restaurant and bar owners' exposure to secondhand smoke and attitudes regarding smoking bans in five Chinese cities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2011Article
- Smoking ban and indoor air quality in restaurants in Mumbai, India.Indian journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo assess indoor second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure in restaurants and bars via PM(2.5) (fine particles 2.5 μm in diameter and smaller) level measurements in five cities in China.
methodsThe study was conducted from July to September in 2007 in Beijing, Xi'an, Wuhan, Kunming and Guiyang. Portable aerosol monitors were used to measure PM(2.5) concentrations in 404 restaurants and bars. The occupant density and the active smoker density were calculated for each venue sampled.
resultsAmong the 404 surveyed venues, 23 had complete smoking bans, 9 had partial smoking bans and 313 (77.5%) were observed to have allowed smoking during sampling. The geometric mean of indoor PM(2.5) levels in venues with smoking observed was 208 μg/m(3) and 99 μg/m(3) in venues without observed smoking. When outdoor PM(2.5) levels were adjusted, indoor PM(2.5) levels in venues with smoking observed were consistently significantly higher than in venues without smoking observed (F=80.49, p<0.001). Indoor PM(2.5) levels were positively correlated with outdoor PM(2.5) levels (partial rho=0.37 p<0.001) and active smoker density (partial rho=0.34, p<0.001).
conclusionsConsistent with findings in other countries, PM(2.5) levels in smoking places are significantly higher than those in smoke-free places and are strongly related to the number and density of active smokers. These findings document the high levels of SHS in hospitality venues in China and point to the urgent need for comprehensive smoke-free laws in China to protect the public from SHS hazards, as called for in Article 8 of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, which was ratified by China in 2005.
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