ArticleBiology of reproduction2010
Development and characterization of a three-dimensional organotypic human vaginal epithelial cell model.
Article in Biology of reproduction, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bioengineering trends in female reproduction: a systematic review.Human reproduction update · 2022Pooled it
- The cervicovaginal gut microbiota axis as a key determinant of systemic physiology.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Induction of Human β-Defensin-2 by VaginalOpen forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Sex hormone-responsive human vaginal epithelial organoids: a novel in vitro platform for studying Chlamydia trachomatis infection.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Review
- Engineered Tissue Models to Decode Host-Microbiota Interactions.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Impact of bacterial vaginosis on sexually transmitted viral infections: a bacterial point of view.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Article
- Vaginal irritation testing-prospects of human organotypic vaginal tissue culture models.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2024Review
- Flourishing tumor organoids: History, emerging technology, and application.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2023Review
- Assessing the Impact of Polyethylene Nano/Microplastic Exposure on Human Vaginal Keratinocytes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Commensal Lactobacilli Metabolically Contribute to Cervical Epithelial Homeostasis in a Species-Specific Manner.mSphere · 2023Article
- Characterization of 3D organotypic epithelial tissues reveals tonsil-specific differences in tonic interferon signaling.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Characterization of 3D organotypic epithelial tissues reveals tonsil-specific differences in tonic interferon signaling.PloS one · 2023Article
- In vitro and ex vivo models for evaluating vaginal drug delivery systems.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2022Review
- Three-dimensional models of the cervicovaginal epithelia to study host-microbiome interactions and sexually transmitted infections.Pathogens and disease · 2022Article
- Towards a deeper understanding of the vaginal microbiota.Nature microbiology · 2022Review
- Retinal organoids on-a-chip: a micro-millifluidic bioreactor for long-term organoid maintenance.Lab on a chip · 2021Article
- The Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in Preterm Birth.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Veillonellaceae family members uniquely alter the cervical metabolic microenvironment in a human three-dimensional epithelial model.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We have developed an in vitro human vaginal epithelial cell (EC) model using the innovative rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor technology that recapitulates in vivo structural and functional properties, including a stratified squamous epithelium with microvilli, tight junctions, microfolds, and mucus. This three-dimensional (3-D) vaginal model provides a platform for high-throughput toxicity testing of candidate microbicides targeted to combat sexually transmitted infections, effectively complementing and extending existing testing systems such as surgical explants or animal models. Vaginal ECs were grown on porous, collagen-coated microcarrier beads in a rotating, low fluid-shear environment; use of RWV bioreactor technology generated 3-D vaginal EC aggregates. Immunofluorescence and scanning and transmission electron microscopy confirmed differentiation and polarization of the 3-D EC aggregates among multiple cell layers and identified ultrastructural features important for nutrient absorption, cell-cell interactions, and pathogen defense. After treatment with a variety of toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, cytokine production was quantified by cytometric bead array, confirming that TLRs 2, 3, 5, and 6 were expressed and functional. The 3-D vaginal aggregates were more resistant to nonoxynol-9 (N-9), a contraceptive and previous microbicide candidate, when compared to two-dimensional monolayers of the same cell line. A dose-dependent production of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, biomarkers of cervicovaginal inflammation, correlated to microbicide toxicity in the 3-D model following N-9 treatment. These results indicate that this 3-D vaginal model could be used as a complementary tool for screening microbicide compounds for safety and efficacy, thus improving success in clinical trials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.