ArticleBiophysical journal2009
Flip-flop-induced relaxation of bending energy: implications for membrane remodeling.
Article in Biophysical journal, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 147 citations in OpenAlex.
- Membrane Curvature Generation by the Caveolin 8S Complex and the Role of Cholesterol.Journal of chemical theory and computation · 2026Article
- Flip Flop-Associated Growth and Division of Synthetic Cells.ACS nano · 2026Article
- Quantifying interleaflet coupling of phase behavior and observing anti-registered phases in asymmetric lipid bilayers.Biophysical journal · 2026Article
- Quantifying interleaflet coupling of phase behavior and observing anti-registered phases in asymmetric lipid bilayers.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Astrocytic Cholesterol Fine-Tunes the Balance of Different Modes of Synaptic Exo- and Endocytosis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Bottom-up Coarse-Grained Models of Asymmetric Membranes.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2025Article
- Article
- Unexpected asymmetric distribution of cholesterol and phospholipids in equilibrium model membranes.Biophysical journal · 2024Article
- Probing the Origins of the Disorder-to-Order Transition of a Modified Cholesterol in Ternary Lipid Bilayers.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2024Article
- Sterol-lipids enable large-scale, liquid-liquid phase separation in bilayer membranes of only two components.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Disruption of liquid/liquid phase separation in asymmetric GUVs prepared by hemifusion.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Nanoparticle induced fusion of lipid membranes.Nanoscale · 2024Article
- Methyl-β-cyclodextrin asymmetrically extracts phospholipid from bilayers, granting tunable control over differential stress in lipid vesicles.Soft matter · 2024Article
- Nonuniversal impact of cholesterol on membranes mobility, curvature sensing and elasticity.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Seeing the Membrane from Both Sides Now: Lipid Asymmetry and Its Strange Consequences.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2023Review
- Passive endocytosis in model protocells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Simulated dynamic cholesterol redistribution favors membrane fusion pore constriction.Biophysical journal · 2023Article
- Leaflet Tensions Control the Spatio-Temporal Remodeling of Lipid Bilayers and Nanovesicles.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- High curvature promotes fusion of lipid membranes: Predictions from continuum elastic theory.Biophysical journal · 2023Article
- Passive endocytosis in model protocells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cellular and organellar membranes are dynamic materials that underlie many aspects of cell biology. Biological membranes have long been thought of as elastic materials with respect to bending deformations. A wealth of theory and experimentation on pure phospholipid membranes provides abundant support for this idea. However, biological membranes are not composed solely of phospholipids--they also incorporate a variety of amphiphilic molecules that undergo rapid transbilayer flip-flop. Here we describe several experimental systems that demonstrate deformation-induced molecular flip-flop. First we use a fluorescence assay to track osmotically controlled membrane deformation in single component fatty acid vesicles, and show that the relaxation of the induced bending stress is mediated by fatty acid flip-flop. We then look at two-component phospholipid/cholesterol composite vesicles. We use NMR to show that the steady-state rate of interleaflet diffusion of cholesterol is fast relative to biological membrane remodeling. We then use a Förster resonance energy transfer assay to detect the transbilayer movement of cholesterol upon deformation. We suggest that our results can be interpreted by modifying the area difference elasticity model to account for the time-dependent relaxation of bending energy. Our findings suggest that rapid interleaflet diffusion of cholesterol may play a role in membrane remodeling in vivo. We suggest that the molecular characteristics of sterols make them evolutionarily preferred mediators of stress relaxation, and that the universal presence of sterols in the membranes of eukaryotes, even at low concentrations, reflects the importance of membrane remodeling in eukaryotic cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.