ArticleContraception2010
Oral contraceptive use and bone density in adolescent and young adult women.
Article in Contraception, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Estrogen Replacement on Bone Geometry and Microarchitecture in Adolescent and Young Adult Oligoamenorrheic Athletes: A Randomized Trial.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2020Trial
- Oestrogen replacement improves bone mineral density in oligo-amenorrhoeic athletes: a randomised clinical trial.British journal of sports medicine · 2019Trial
- A Longitudinal Evaluation of Bone Mineral Density Across a Macrocycle in Highly Trained Female Athletes: A Systematic Review.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Use of Combined Oral Contraceptives for ˃6 Months Is Not Associated with Body Fat or Bone Density, Regardless of Dietary Differences-A Pilot Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Hormonal Contraception and Bone Metabolism: Emerging Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Studies on Post-Pubertal and Reproductive-Age Women.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Primary Ovarian Insufficiency, Bone Health, and Other Outcomes in Adolescents.Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America · 2024Review
- Prunes May Blunt Adverse Effects of Oral Contraceptives on Bone Health in Young Adult Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Current developments in nutrition · 2024Article
- Oral contraceptive use, bone mineral density, and bone turnover markers over 12 months in college-aged females.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2020Article
- Heavy Episodic Drinking Is Associated With Poorer Bone Health in Adolescent and Young Adult Women.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2018Article
- Premenopausal Osteoporosis.Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America · 2017Review
- Article
- Different health behaviours and clinical factors associated with bone mineral density and bone turnover in premenopausal women with and without type 1 diabetes.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2015Article
- Low-dose combined oral contraceptive use is associated with lower bone mineral content variation in adolescents over a 1-year period.BMC endocrine disorders · 2015Article
- Diminished bone strength is observed in adult women and men who sustained a mild trauma distal forearm fracture during childhood.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2014Article
- Evaluation and management of the premenopausal woman with low BMD.Current osteoporosis reports · 2013Article
- The female athlete triad.Sports health · 2012Article
- Oral contraceptive use and bone density change in adolescent and young adult women: a prospective study of age, hormone dose, and discontinuation.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2011Article
- Update on hormonal contraception and bone density.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2011Review
- Infant milk feeding influences adult bone health: a prospective study from birth to 32 years.PloS one · 2011Article
- Oral contraceptive use and bone.Current osteoporosis reports · 2011Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMost of the millions of oral contraceptive (OC) users are under 30 years of age and in the critical period for bone mass accrual. STUDY
designThis cross-sectional study of 606 women aged 14-30 years examined both OC duration and estrogen dose and their association with bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip, spine, and whole body (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry).
resultsOf 389 OC users and 217 nonusers enrolled, 50% were adolescents (14-18 years). Of OC users, 38% used "low-dose" OCs [<30 mcg ethinyl estradiol (EE)]. In adolescents, mean BMD differed by neither OC duration nor EE dose. However, 19- to 30-year-old women's mean BMD was lower with longer OC use for spine and whole body (p=.004 and p=.02, respectively) and lowest for >12 months of low-dose OCs for the hip, spine and whole body (p=.02, .003 and .002, respectively).
conclusionsProlonged use of today's OCs, particularly <30 mcg EE, may adversely impact young adult women's bone density while using these agents.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.