ArticlePloS one2009
Association of Epstein Barr virus infection (EBV) with breast cancer in rural Indian women.
Article in PloS one, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infection and Increased Sporadic Breast Carcinoma Risk: A Meta-Analysis.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2020Pooled it
- Correlations of IFN-γ genetic polymorphisms with susceptibility to breast cancer: a meta-analysis.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2014Pooled it
- Epstein-Barr virus and breast cancer: lack of evidence for an association in Iranian women.Pathology oncology research : POR · 2011Trial
- Review
- Detection of Viruses with Oncogenic and Oncomodulatory Potential in Head and Neck Tumors-External Auricle.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Differential Expression of Epstein-Barr Virus Sequences in Various Breast Cancer Subtypes.Genes · 2025Article
- The viral origins of breast cancer.Infectious agents and cancer · 2024Review
- The Role of Oncogenic Viruses in the Pathogenesis of Sporadic Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of the Current Literature.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Immunosenescence and Cytomegalovirus: Exploring Their Connection in the Context of Aging, Health, and Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Targeting Breast Cancer with N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine: Integrating Machine Learning and Cellular Assays for Promising Results.Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- Non-Response of Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Breast Cancer after Primary Chemotherapy: Report of Two Cases.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Exploring the link between viruses and cancer in companion animals: a comprehensive and comparative analysis.Infectious agents and cancer · 2023Review
- Human cytomegalovirus in cancer: the mechanism of HCMV-induced carcinogenesis and its therapeutic potential.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Detection of Epstein Barr Nuclear Antigen-1 (EBNA-1), Early Antigen 1F, 2R (EA-1F, EA- 2R) along with Epstein-Barr virus Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1) in Breast Cancer of Northern India: An Interim Analysis.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2022Observational
- High Frequency of Epstein-Barr Virus and Absence of Papillomavirus in Breast Cancer Patients from Brazilian Northeast.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2022Article
- Review
- Presence of high-risk HPVs, EBV, and MMTV in human triple-negative breast cancer.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- High-risk human papillomaviruses and Epstein-Barr virus in breast cancer in Lebanese women and their association with tumor grade: a molecular and tissue microarray study.Cancer cell international · 2021Article
- Productive Infection of Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines with Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV).Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The co-presence of high-risk human papillomaviruses and Epstein-Barr virus is linked with tumor grade and stage in Qatari women with breast cancer.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionBreast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting females worldwide but conventional risk factors are able to explain only a small proportion of these cases. A possible viral etiology for breast cancer has been proposed and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a widely researched candidate virus. The aim of the present study, first one of its kind from India, was to determine if there is a greater association of EBV infection with breast cancer patients as compared to patients with benign breast diseases.
methodsWe looked for expression of Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen-1 (EBNA-1) in breast cancer tissue specimens by employing immunohistochemistry (IHC). We also measured levels of anti-EBNA-1 Immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies in stored sera of these patients using commercial Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit. Patients with benign breast diseases were used as a comparison group for both immunohistochemical and serological analysis.
results58 cases of malignant breast disease and 63 of benign breast disease (controls) were included in the study. Using manufacturer determined cut-off of 3 IU/ml, 50/55 tested (90.9%) cases and 27/33 tested (81.8%) controls were seropositive for anti-EBNA-1 IgG. Mean antibody levels were significantly higher for cases (54.22 IU/ml) as compared to controls (18.68 IU/ml). IHC for EBNA-1 was positive in 28/51 cases (54.9%). No IHC positivity was noted in the tested 30 controls. Our results show that EBNA-1 expression is seen in a significant proportion of breast cancer tissue specimens from rural India and as compared to patients with benign breast diseases these patients also have a higher immunological response against EBNA-1.
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Registered trials
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