Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19997497›Full record

ArticlePLoS genetics2009

Accelerated evolution of the Prdm9 speciation gene across diverse metazoan taxa.

Peter L Oliver, Leo Goodstadt, Joshua J Bayes, Zoë Birtle, Kevin C Roach, Nitin Phadnis, Scott A Beatson, Gerton Lunter, Harmit S Malik, Chris P Ponting

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PLoS genetics, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 186 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
186citing papers in PubMed
9.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

186 citing papers in PubMed, 302 citations in OpenAlex.

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  6. Meiotic Recombination in Teleosts.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026
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  7. Fine-scale recombination rates inferred using the canFam4 assembly are strongly correlated with previous maps of dog recombination.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2025
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  8. Review
  9. The X chromosome and the emergence of reproductive isolation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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  10. Article
  11. Article
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  13. Review
  14. Article
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  16. Article
  17. Article
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  20. Article

126 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.

Peter L OliverMedical Research Council Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Leo Goodstadt
Joshua J Bayes
Zoë Birtle
Kevin C Roach
Nitin Phadnis
Scott A Beatson
Gerton Lunter
Harmit S Malik
Chris P Ponting
Fred Hutch Cancer Center · USGenomics (United Kingdom) · GBMedical Research Council · GBHoward Hughes Medical Institute · USUniversity of California, Berkeley · USUniversity of Oxford · GBUniversity of Queensland · AU

Funding

TRAINING IN MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGYT32GM007270 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI RAIBLE, DAVID W · 1985 to 2020
$21.0M
Genetic Conflict Shapes Centromeres and HeterochromatinR01GM074108 · NIGMS · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI MALIK, HARMIT S. · 2005 to 2022
$6.1M
Medical Research Council G0501331Medical Research Council MC_U137761446NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM074108NIGMS NIH HHS R01-GM74108NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007270NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM07270
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The onset of prezygotic and postzygotic barriers to gene flow between populations is a hallmark of speciation. One of the earliest postzygotic isolating barriers to arise between incipient species is the sterility of the heterogametic sex in interspecies' hybrids. Four genes that underlie hybrid sterility have been identified in animals: Odysseus, JYalpha, and Overdrive in Drosophila and Prdm9 (Meisetz) in mice. Mouse Prdm9 encodes a protein with a KRAB motif, a histone methyltransferase domain and several zinc fingers. The difference of a single zinc finger distinguishes Prdm9 alleles that cause hybrid sterility from those that do not. We find that concerted evolution and positive selection have rapidly altered the number and sequence of Prdm9 zinc fingers across 13 rodent genomes. The patterns of positive selection in Prdm9 zinc fingers imply that rapid evolution has acted on the interface between the Prdm9 protein and the DNA sequences to which it binds. Similar patterns are apparent for Prdm9 zinc fingers for diverse metazoans, including primates. Indeed, allelic variation at the DNA-binding positions of human PRDM9 zinc fingers show significant association with decreased risk of infertility. Prdm9 thus plays a role in determining male sterility both between species (mouse) and within species (human). The recurrent episodes of positive selection acting on Prdm9 suggest that the DNA sequences to which it binds must also be evolving rapidly. Our findings do not identify the nature of the underlying DNA sequences, but argue against the proposed role of Prdm9 as an essential transcription factor in mouse meiosis. We propose a hypothetical model in which incompatibilities between Prdm9-binding specificity and satellite DNAs provide the molecular basis for Prdm9-mediated hybrid sterility. We suggest that Prdm9 should be investigated as a candidate gene in other instances of hybrid sterility in metazoans.

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularGenetic SpeciationAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsBase SequenceDNA, SatelliteHistone-Lysine N-MethyltransferaseHumansModels, BiologicalMolecular Sequence DataPhylogenyPrimatesRodentiaSelection, GeneticZinc FingersDNA, SatelliteHistone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase

Identifiers

PMID19997497
PMCPMC2779102
OpenAlexW2014342923

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.