ArticleThe Journal of cell biology1991
Poleward microtubule flux mitotic spindles assembled in vitro.
Article in The Journal of cell biology, 1991. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers.
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Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 186 citations in OpenAlex.
- Towards a systems-level view of the microtubule cytoskeleton and its functions in physiology and disease.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026Review
- Isolation and manipulation of meiotic spindles from mouse oocytes reveals migration regulated by pulling force during asymmetric division.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Molecular design principles for bipolar spindle organization by two opposing motors.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Diverse microtubule-binding repeats regulate TPX2 activities at distinct locations within the spindle.The Journal of cell biology · 2025Article
- TheInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Review
- Microtubule poleward flux in human cells is driven by the coordinated action of four kinesins.The EMBO journal · 2020Article
- Conditional genetic screen in Physcomitrella patens reveals a novel microtubule depolymerizing-end-tracking protein.PLoS genetics · 2018Article
- Eg5 orchestrates porcine oocyte maturational progression by maintaining meiotic organelle arrangement.Cell division · 2018Article
- Tau-based fluorescent protein fusions to visualize microtubules.Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2017Article
- Xenopus as a model for studies in mechanical stress and cell division.Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) · 2017Review
- Mechanisms of Mitotic Spindle Assembly.Annual review of biochemistry · 2016Review
- An ensemble of specifically targeted proteins stabilizes cortical microtubules in the human parasite Toxoplasma gondii.Molecular biology of the cell · 2016Article
- Measuring Pushing and Braking Forces Generated by Ensembles of Kinesin-5 Crosslinking Two Microtubules.Developmental cell · 2015Article
- Statistical mechanics provides novel insights into microtubule stability and mechanism of shrinkage.PLoS computational biology · 2015Article
- Kif11 dependent cell cycle progression in radial glial cells is required for proper neurogenesis in the zebrafish neural tube.Developmental biology · 2014Article
- Review
- Article
- Article
- Screening for small molecule inhibitors of embryonic pathways: sometimes you gotta crack a few eggs.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry · 2012Review
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In the preceding paper we described pathways of mitotic spindle assembly in cell-free extracts prepared from eggs of Xenopus laevis. Here we demonstrate the poleward flux of microtubules in spindles assembled in vitro, using a photoactivatable fluorescein covalently coupled to tubulin and multi-channel fluorescence videomicroscopy. After local photoactivation of fluorescence by UV microbeam, we observed poleward movement of fluorescein-marked microtubules at a rate of 3 microns/min, similar to rates of chromosome movement and spindle elongation during prometaphase and anaphase. This movement could be blocked by the addition of millimolar AMP-PNP but was not affected by concentrations of vanadate up to 150 microM, suggesting that poleward flux may be driven by a microtubule motor similar to kinesin. In contrast to previous results obtained in vivo (Mitchison, T. J. 1989. J. Cell Biol. 109:637-652), poleward flux in vitro appears to occur independently of kinetochores or kinetochore microtubules, and therefore may be a general property of relatively stable microtubules within the spindle. We find that microtubules moving towards poles are dynamic structures, and we have estimated the average half-life of fluxing microtubules in vitro to be between approximately 75 and 100 s. We discuss these results with regard to the function of poleward flux in spindle movements in anaphase and prometaphase.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.