ArticleThe Journal of cell biology1991
Mitotic spindle assembly by two different pathways in vitro.
Article in The Journal of cell biology, 1991. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers.
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Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 238 citations in OpenAlex.
- An acentrosomal aster with atypical microtubule polarity recruits cytokinesis signals to its center in Xenopus egg extracts.Journal of cell science · 2025Article
- An Arabidopsis Kinesin-14D motor is associated with midzone microtubules for spindle morphogenesis.Current biology : CB · 2024Article
- Evidence for widespread cytoplasmic structuring into mesoscale condensates.Nature cell biology · 2024Article
- Preparation of Xenopus borealis and Xenopus tropicalis Egg Extracts for Comparative Cell Biology and Evolutionary Studies.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Article
- Acentrosomal spindle assembly and maintenance inMolecular biology of the cell · 2022Article
- Article
- Xenopus laevis Egg Extract Preparation and Live Imaging Methods for Visualizing Dynamic Cytoplasmic Organization.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2021Article
- The power of amphibians to elucidate mechanisms of size control and scaling.Experimental cell research · 2020Review
- Immunofluorescence of Microtubule Assemblies in Amphibian Oocytes and Early Embryos.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2019Article
- Microtubule dynamics regulation reconstituted in budding yeast lysates.Journal of cell science · 2018Article
- Review
- The multifaceted allosteric regulation of Aurora kinase A.The Biochemical journal · 2018Review
- Assembly of Spindles and Asters inCold Spring Harbor protocols · 2018Article
- Spindle assembly in egg extracts of the Marsabit clawed frog, Xenopus borealis.Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2018Article
- Quantitative Proteomics of Xenopus Embryos I, Sample Preparation.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2018Article
- Article
- Metaphase Spindle Assembly.Biology · 2017Review
- Vertebrate Embryonic Cleavage Pattern Determination.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2017Review
- Coupling changes in cell shape to chromosome segregation.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2016Review
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We have used Xenopus egg extracts to study spindle morphogenesis in a cell-free system and have identified two pathways of spindle assembly in vitro using methods of fluorescent analogue cytochemistry. When demembranated sperm nuclei are added to egg extracts arrested in a mitotic state, individual nuclei direct the assembly of polarized microtubule arrays, which we term half-spindles; half-spindles then fuse pairwise to form bipolar spindles. In contrast, when sperm nuclei are added to extracts that are induced to enter interphase and arrested in the following mitosis, a single sperm nucleus can direct the assembly of a complete spindle. We find that microtubule arrays in vitro are strongly biased towards chromatin, but this does not depend on specific kinetochore-microtubule interactions. Indeed, although we have identified morphological and probably functional kinetochores in spindles assembled in vitro, kinetochores appear not to play an obligate role in the establishment of stable, bipolar microtubule arrays in either assembly pathway. Features of the two pathways suggest that spindle assembly involves a hierarchy of selective microtubule stabilization, involving both chromatin-microtubule interactions and antiparallel microtubule-microtubule interactions, and that fundamental molecular interactions are probably the same in both pathways. This in vitro reconstitution system should be useful for identifying the molecules regulating the generation of asymmetric microtubule arrays and for understanding spindle morphogenesis in general.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.