ArticleBlood2010
Novel IL-21 signaling pathway up-regulates c-Myc and induces apoptosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas.
Article in Blood, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early transcriptional effects of inflammatory cytokines reveal highly redundant cytokine networks.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Anandamide in Human Gastric Cancer Cells Are Mediated by AKT and ERK Signaling Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- IL-21/IL-21R signaling renders acute myeloid leukemia stem cells more susceptible to cytarabine treatment and CAR T cell therapy.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Harnessing the cytotoxic granule exocytosis to augment the efficacy of T-cell-engaging bispecific antibody therapy.Haematologica · 2024Article
- Ratiometric electrochemical immunosensor for simultaneous detection of C-myc and Bcl-2 based on multi-role alloy composites.Mikrochimica acta · 2024Article
- DSG2 and c-MYC Interact to Regulate the Expression of ADAM17 and Promote the Development of Cervical Cancer.Cancer management and research · 2024Article
- Attenuated Dengue virus PV001-DV induces oncolytic tumor cell death and potent immune responses.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Article
- EBV dUTPase: A Novel Modulator of Inflammation and the Tumor Microenvironment in EBV-Associated Malignancies.Cancers · 2023Review
- Article
- Cytokine Based Immunotherapy for Cancer and Lymphoma: Biology, Challenges and Future Perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Targeting BMI-1 in B cells restores effective humoral immune responses and controls chronic viral infection.Nature immunology · 2022Article
- Phenogenomic heterogeneity of post-transplant plasmablastic lymphomas.Haematologica · 2022Article
- The PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint in Normal Germinal Centers and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas.Cancers · 2021Review
- Genetic lesions in MYC and STAT3 drive oncogenic transcription factor overexpression in plasmablastic lymphoma.Haematologica · 2021Article
- IL-21 Stimulates the expression and activation of cell cycle regulators and promotes cell proliferation in EBV-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Regulation of apoptosis in health and disease: the balancing act of BCL-2 family proteins.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2019Review
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) provides survival factors to EBVImmunology · 2017Article
- Interleukin-21 promotes thymopoiesis recovery following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2017Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Interleukin-21 (IL-21), a member of the IL-2 cytokine family, has diverse regulatory effects on natural killer (NK), T, and B cells. In contrast to other cytokines that are usually immunostimulatory, IL-21 can induce apoptosis of murine B cells at specific activation-differentiation stages. This effect may be used for treatment of B-cell malignancies. Herein we report that diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines exhibit widespread expression of the IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) and that IL-21 stimulation leads to cell-cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis. IL-21 also induces apoptosis in de novo DLBCL primary tumors but does not affect viability of human healthy B cells. Furthermore, IL-21 promotes tumor regression and prolongs survival of mice harboring xenograft DLBCL tumors. The antilymphoma effects of this cytokine are dependent on a mechanism involving IL-21-activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) up-regulating expression of c-Myc. This up-regulation promotes a decrease in expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) proteins triggering cell death. Our results represent one of the first examples in which the STAT3-c-Myc signaling pathway, which can promote survival and oncogenesis, can induce apoptosis in neoplastic cells. Moreover, based on IL-21's potency in vitro and in animal models, our findings indicate that this cytokine should be examined in clinical studies of DLBCL.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.