SynthesisSchizophrenia bulletin2011
How prevalent are anxiety disorders in schizophrenia? A meta-analysis and critical review on a significant association.
Synthesis in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 196 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
196 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 524 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genome-wide meta-analysis of quantitatively measured generalized anxiety symptoms in individuals of European ancestry.Nature human behaviour · 2026Pooled it
- Guideline
- Meta-analysis of cognitive functioning in patients with psychotic disorders and obsessive-compulsive symptoms.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- Are negative beliefs about psychosis associated with emotional distress in adults and young people with such experiences? A meta-analysis.Psychology and psychotherapy · 2021Pooled it
- The Impact of THC and CBD in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence, impact and treatment of generalised anxiety disorder in bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Evidence-based mental health · 2016Pooled it
- Diazepam modulates hippocampal CA1 functional connectivity in people at clinical high-risk for psychosis.Psychological medicine · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of a Videoconference-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program for Patients with Schizophrenia: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR formative research · 2025Trial
- An RCT of Virtual Reality Job Interview Training for Individuals With Serious Mental Illness in IPS Supported Employment.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2022Trial
- A potential role for adjunctive omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for depression and anxiety symptoms in recent onset psychosis: Results from a 16 week randomized placebo-controlled trial for participants concurrently treated with risperidone.Schizophrenia research · 2019Trial
- Associations among comorbid anxiety, psychiatric symptomatology, and diabetic control in a population with serious mental illness and diabetes: Findings from an interventional randomized controlled trial.International journal of psychiatry in medicine · 2018Trial
- Trauma-Focused Treatment in PTSD Patients With Psychosis: Symptom Exacerbation, Adverse Events, and Revictimization.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Concomitant pathologies and their impact on schizophrenia: a narrative overview of current evidence.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Interrelationships of childhood trauma, psychiatric symptoms, neurocognition, and insomnia in chronic schizophrenia: a network perspective.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Unraveling the complex relationships between anxiety, depression, and quality of life in schizophrenia: a network analysis study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- OCD or Psychosis? Yes: A Case Study of a Diagnostic Conundrum and the Caregiver Role.Clinical child psychology and psychiatry · 2026Article
- Smoking and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or bipolar disorder using electronic mental health records.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- Psychotic-like experiences in adolescents enriched for high-risk for developing severe mental illness: change over two-years and associations with neural reward processing and affective symptoms.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
136 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe presence of anxiety disorders (AD) in schizophrenia (SZ) is attracting increasing interest. However, published studies have yielded very broad variations in prevalence rates across studies. The current meta-analysis sought to (1) investigate the prevalence of co-occurring AD in SZ by reporting pooled prevalence rates and (2) identify potential sources of variations in reported rates that could guide our efforts to identify and treat these co-occurring disorders in patients with SZ.
methodsWe performed a systematic search of studies reporting prevalence of AD in SZ and related psychotic disorders. Mean prevalence rates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were first computed for each disorder. We then examined the impact of potential moderators related to patient sampling or to AD assessment methods on these rates.
resultsFifty-two eligible studies were identified. Pooled prevalence rates and CIs were 12.1% (7.0%-17.1%) for obsessive-compulsive disorders, 14.9% (8.1%-21.8%) for social phobia, 10.9% (2.9%-18.8%) for generalized AD, 9.8% (4.3%-15.4%) for panic disorders, and 12.4% (4.0%-20.8%) for post-traumatic stress disorders. For all disorders, we found significant heterogeneity in rates across studies. This heterogeneity could at least partially be explained by the effect of moderator variables related to patient characteristics or assessment methods.
conclusionsAD are highly prevalent in SZ, but important variations in rates are observed between studies. This meta-analysis highlights several factors that affect risk for, or detection of AD in SZ, and could, thus, have an important impact on treatment and outcome of SZ patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.