ArticlePloS one2009
Maggot secretions skew monocyte-macrophage differentiation away from a pro-inflammatory to a pro-angiogenic type.
Article in PloS one, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Larval debridement therapy for diabetes-related foot ulcers: Evidence, mechanisms and practical guidance.Clinical medicine (London, England) · 2026Review
- TIM-3+ Macrophages: Insights into Their Role in Cancer and Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Antibacterial Potential of Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Maggot Excretions/Secretions in Presence of Human Tear Fluid.Neotropical entomology · 2025Article
- Beyond Myiasis: Understanding Environmental Factors, Maggots, and Infection Risks in Xylazine-Associated Wounds.Cureus · 2025Article
- The in vitro and in vivo effects ofJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2023Article
- Therapeutic effects of Lucilia sericata larval excretion/secretion products on Leishmania major under in vitro and in vivo conditions.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Differential Internalization of Thrombin-Derived Host Defense Peptides into Monocytes and Macrophages.Journal of innate immunity · 2022Article
- Practical context of enzymatic treatment for wound healing: A secreted protease approach (Review).Biomedical reports · 2020Review
- Wound Myiasis in Severe Venous Stasis Ulcer.Cureus · 2020Article
- Effectiveness of Chronic Wound Debridement with the Use of Larvae ofJournal of clinical medicine · 2019Review
- Maternal Flt-1 and endoglin expression by circulating monocyte subtype and polarization in preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction.European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology: X · 2019Article
- Pharmacological Properties of the Medical Maggot: A Novel Therapy Overview.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2018Review
- Thrombin-Derived Host-Defense Peptides Modulate Monocyte/Macrophage Inflammatory Responses to Gram-Negative Bacteria.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Immune-Mediated Repair: A Matter of Plasticity.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Next Generation Sequencing Identifies Five Major Classes of Potentially Therapeutic Enzymes Secreted by Lucilia sericata Medical Maggots.BioMed research international · 2016Article
- Histological patterns in healing chronic wounds using Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae and other therapeutic measures.Parasitology research · 2015Article
- Selection and Evaluation of Tissue Specific Reference Genes in Lucilia sericata during an Immune Challenge.PloS one · 2015Article
- The influence of ezetimibe on classical and alternative activation pathways of monocytes/macrophages isolated from patients with hypercholesterolemia.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2014Article
- IL-13Rα1 is a surface marker for M2 macrophages influencing their differentiation and function.European journal of immunology · 2014Article
- Recent advances in developing insect natural products as potential modern day medicines.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMaggots of the blowfly Lucilia sericata are used for the treatment of chronic wounds. Earlier we reported maggot secretions to inhibit pro-inflammatory responses of human monocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of maggot secretions on the differentiation of monocytes into pro-inflammatory (MØ-1) and anti-inflammatory/pro-angiogenic macrophages (MØ-2) as these cells play a central role in wound healing. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsFreshly isolated monocytes were incubated with secretions and GM-CSF or M-CSF for 6 days and then stimulated with LPS or LTA for 18 h. The expression of cell surface molecules and the levels of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in supernatants were measured. Our results showed secretions to affect monocyte-macrophage differentiation leading to MØ-1 with a partial MØ-2-like morphology but lacking CD163, which is characteristic for MØ-2. In response to LPS or LTA, secretions-differentiated MØ-1 produced less pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-12p40 and MIF) than control cells. Similar results were observed for MØ-2 when stimulated with low concentrations of LPS. Furthermore, secretions dose-dependently led to MØ-1 and MØ-2 characterized by an altered chemokine production. Secretions led to MØ-2, but not MØ-1, producing enhanced levels of the growth factors bFGF and VEGF, as compared to control cells. The expression of cell-surface receptors involved in LPS/LTA was enhanced by secretions, that of CD86 and HLA-DR down-regulated, while receptors involved in phagocytosis remained largely unaffected.
conclusionsMaggot secretions skew the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages away from a pro-inflammatory to a pro-angiogenic type.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.