ArticlePloS one2009
4-Bromophenacyl bromide specifically inhibits rhoptry secretion during Toxoplasma invasion.
Article in PloS one, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- TREM2 plays a critical role in innate immune defense against acute Toxoplasma gondii infection by promoting macrophage antimicrobial activities.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Ferlins and TgDOC2 inLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Copaifera spp. oleoresins impair Toxoplasma gondii infection in both human trophoblastic cells and human placental explants.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- A Window toPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Secretion of Rhoptry and Dense Granule Effector Proteins by Nonreplicating Toxoplasma gondii Uracil Auxotrophs Controls the Development of Antitumor Immunity.PLoS genetics · 2016Article
- The mechanics of malaria parasite invasion of the human erythrocyte - towards a reassessment of the host cell contribution.Cellular microbiology · 2016Review
- The IL-12 Response of Primary Human Dendritic Cells and Monocytes to Toxoplasma gondii Is Stimulated by Phagocytosis of Live Parasites Rather Than Host Cell Invasion.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Article
- Article
- Use of transgenic parasites and host reporters to dissect events that promote interleukin-12 production during toxoplasmosis.Infection and immunity · 2014Article
- Infection by Toxoplasma gondii specifically induces host c-Myc and the genes this pivotal transcription factor regulates.Eukaryotic cell · 2014Article
- Parasite fate and involvement of infected cells in the induction of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to Toxoplasma gondii.PLoS pathogens · 2014Article
- Article
- Article
- A focused small-molecule screen identifies 14 compounds with distinct effects on Toxoplasma gondii.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2012Article
- Evolution of apicomplexan secretory organelles.International journal for parasitology · 2012Review
- Toxoplasma gondii induces B7-2 expression through activation of JNK signal transduction.Infection and immunity · 2011Article
- The secreted kinase ROP18 defends Toxoplasma's border.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2011Review
- Serum response factor regulates immediate early host gene expression in Toxoplasma gondii-infected host cells.PloS one · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a eukaryotic parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa that is able to infect a wide variety of host cells. During its active invasion process it secretes proteins from discrete secretory organelles: the micronemes, rhoptries and dense granules. Although a number of rhoptry proteins have been shown to be involved in important interactions with the host cell, very little is known about the mechanism of secretion of any Toxoplasma protein into the host cell. We used a chemical inhibitor of phospholipase A2s, 4-bromophenacyl bromide (4-BPB), to look at the role of such lipases in the secretion of Toxoplasma proteins. We found that 4-BPB was a potent inhibitor of rhoptry secretion in Toxoplasma invasion. This drug specifically blocked rhoptry secretion but not microneme secretion, thus effectively showing that the two processes can be de-coupled. It affected parasite motility and invasion, but not attachment or egress. Using propargyl- or azido-derivatives of the drug (so-called click chemistry derivatives) and a series of 4-BPB-resistant mutants, we found that the drug has a very large number of target proteins in the parasite that are involved in at least two key steps: invasion and intracellular growth. This potent compound, the modified "click-chemistry" forms of it, and the resistant mutants should serve as useful tools to further study the processes of Toxoplasma early invasion, in general, and rhoptry secretion, in particular.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.