Trial reportBritish journal of cancer2009
Awareness of cancer symptoms and anticipated help seeking among ethnic minority groups in England.
Trial report in British journal of cancer, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Barriers to Breast Cancer Screening, and of Interventions Designed to Increase Participation, Among Women of Black African and Black Caribbean Descent in the UK.Psycho-oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Components and effectiveness of patient navigation programmes to increase participation to breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: A systematic review.Cancer medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation of a targeted cancer awareness intervention for adults living in deprived areas of the UK.British journal of cancer · 2021Trial
- Experiences of Cancer and Cancer Care Amongst Ethnically Minoritised Young People in the UK.Clinical child psychology and psychiatry · 2026Article
- Diagnostic errors in spinal metastases: a systematic review of contributing clinical and systemic factors.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Review
- Article
- Exploring cancer knowledge and sources of information among the public: An analytical study.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2025Article
- Inequalities in colorectal cancer diagnosis by ethnic group: a population-level study in the English National Health Service.BMJ open gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Cancer awareness and its related factors among junior high and high school teachers in Japan: a cross-sectional survey.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2024Article
- Racioethnic Disparities in Endometrial Cancer Outcomes.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Awareness of symptoms, anticipated barriers and delays to help-seeking among women at higher risk of breast cancer: A UK multicentre study.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Symptom appraisal and help seeking in males with symptoms of possible prostate cancer: a qualitative study with an ethnically diverse sample in London.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2023Article
- Relationship between ethnicity and stage at diagnosis in England: a national analysis of six cancer sites.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Being sick to a cancer patient: pathways of delay in help seeking and diagnosis of cancer in India.Journal of social and economic development · 2023Article
- Assessing Ethnic Inequalities in Diagnostic Interval of Common Cancers: A Population-Based UK Cohort Study.Cancers · 2022Article
- Factors Influencing Total Delay of Breast Cancer in Northeast of China.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Awareness of Common Cancer Risk Factors and Symptoms in Saudi Arabia: A Community-Based Study.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2021Article
- Anticipated help seeking behaviour and barriers to seeking care for possible breast and cervical cancer symptoms in Uganda and South Africa.Ecancermedicalscience · 2021Article
- Cancer Awareness and Barriers to Medical Treatment Among Syrian Refugees and Lebanese Citizens in Lebanon.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveLittle is known about ethnic differences in awareness of cancer-warning signs or help-seeking behaviour in Britain. As part of the National Awareness and Early Diagnosis Initiative (NAEDI), this study aimed to explore these factors as possible contributors to delay in cancer diagnosis.
methodsWe used quota sampling to recruit 1500 men and women from the six largest minority ethnic groups in England (Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Caribbean, African and Chinese). In face-to-face interviews, participants completed the newly developed cancer awareness measure (CAM), which includes questions about warning signs for cancer, speed of consultation for possible cancer symptoms and barriers to help seeking.
resultsAwareness of warning signs was low across all ethnic groups, especially using the open-ended (recall) question format, with lowest awareness in the African group. Women identified more emotional barriers and men more practical barriers to help seeking, with considerable ethnic variation. Anticipated delay in help seeking was higher in individuals who identified fewer warning signs and more barriers.
conclusionsThe study suggests the need for culturally sensitive, community-based interventions to raise awareness and encourage early presentation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.