Trial reportBMC infectious diseases2009
High dose prolonged treatment with nitazoxanide is not effective for cryptosporidiosis in HIV positive Zambian children: a randomised controlled trial.
Trial report in BMC infectious diseases, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 133 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
133 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 237 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nitazoxanide in the Treatment of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2020Pooled it
- Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-exposed and HIV-infected children: recommendations from the National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the American Academy of Pediatrics.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2013Guideline
- Guideline
- Examination of ELISA against PCR for assessing treatment efficacy against Cryptosporidium in a clinical trial context.PloS one · 2023Trial
- Clofazimine for Treatment of Cryptosporidiosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Adults: An Experimental Medicine, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Phase 2a Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Trial
- Unravelling the synergistic potential of Olibanum extract and Bacillus clausii in combating intestinal cryptosporidiosis in immunosuppressed mice.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Anti-Cryptosporidium Benzoxaboroles Yields Enhanced Potency and Curative Efficacy.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Structural Basis for the Immunological Paradox of a High-Affinity Yet Non-Immunogenic MHC-I Epitope fromBiology · 2026Article
- The history of cryptosporidiosis.Parasites & vectors · 2026Review
- Development of a Luciferase-Based In Vitro Assay to Evaluate the Efficacy of Anti-Cryptosporidial Drugs AgainstPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Insights into the lifecycle of Cryptosporidium and compounds targeting developmental stages.Current opinion in microbiology · 2026Review
- Calf Clinical Model of Cryptosporidiosis for Efficacy Evaluation of Therapeutics.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Review
- Emergence of zoonoticFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- From rare to recognized: enhanced detection uncoversEmerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Host cell KRT-18 as a non-redox dependent interactor of Cryptosporidium parvum PDI enables parasite infection.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Antiparasitic effect of peptoids againstMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2025Article
- Comprehensive Management of HIV With Multiple Opportunistic Infections: A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2025Article
- Targeted CRISPR screens reveal genes essential for Cryptosporidium survival in the host intestine.Nature communications · 2025Article
73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTreatment of cryptosporidiosis in HIV infected children has proved difficult and unsatisfactory with no drugs having demonstrable efficacy in controlled trials except nitazoxanide. We hypothesised that a prolonged course of treatment with high dose nitazoxanide would be effective in treating cryptosporidiosis in HIV positive Zambian children.
methodsWe performed a double-blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial in paediatric patients in the UTH in Lusaka. The study included HIV positive children between one and eleven years of age if 2 out of 3 stool samples were positive for oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp. Children were given nitazoxanide suspension in a dose of 200 mg twice daily (bid) for 28 days (if 1-3 years old) or 400 mg bid for 28 days (if 4-11 years old), or matching placebo.
resultsSixty children were randomised and 52 were fully evaluated. Only five children were 4 years of age or over and received the higher dose. In the primary efficacy analysis, 11 out of 26 (42%) in the active treatment group achieved a 'Well' clinical response compared to 8 out of 26 (35%) in the placebo group. Parasitological response was declared as 'Eradicated' in 27% in the active group and 35% in the placebo group. Mortality (16/52, 31%) did not differ by treatment allocation.
conclusionWe found no significant benefit in children with cryptosporidiosis despite high dose and longer treatment duration. This is the second randomised controlled trial to suggest that in Zambian children with HIV-related immunosuppression nitazoxanide does not eradicate this infection nor provide clinical symptom reduction.
trial registrationThe trial was registered as ISRCTN41089957.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.