ArticleJournal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997)2010
Administration of cyclophosphamide changes the immune profile of tumor-bearing mice.
Article in Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997), 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dose-dense chemotherapy improves mechanisms of antitumor immune response.Cancer research · 2013Trial
- Chemotherapeutics as Immune Modulators for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2026Review
- Microcin C7 Prevents Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression and Intestinal Injury by Modulating T-Cell Differentiation and Gut Microbiota Composition in Mice.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- EpCAM-targeted betulinic acid analogue nanotherapy improves therapeutic efficacy and induces anti-tumorigenic immune response in colorectal cancer tumor microenvironment.Journal of biomedical science · 2024Article
- Modern cancer therapy: cryoablation meets immune checkpoint blockade.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Direct immunoactivation by chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer treatment.Advanced therapeutics · 2023Article
- Fully synthetic Tn-based three-component cancer vaccine using covalently linked TLR4 ligand MPLA and iNKT cell agonist KRN-7000 as built-in adjuvant effectively protects mice from tumor development.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2022Article
- Structure Guided Design of Bacteriophage Qβ Mutants as Next Generation Carriers for Conjugate Vaccines.ACS chemical biology · 2022Article
- Article
- The immune modifying effects of chemotherapy and advances in chemo-immunotherapy.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2022Review
- Classes of therapeutics to amplify the immune response.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2022Review
- Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Increases Cytotoxic T Cell, Tissue Resident Memory T Cell, and B Cell Infiltration in Resectable NSCLC.Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer · 2021Article
- Regulatory T-Cells as an Emerging Barrier to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Lung Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Tumor-Associated Macrophage Status in Cancer Treatment.Cancers · 2020Review
- Article
- The Role of Tumor-Associated Myeloid Cells in Modulating Cancer Therapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Review
- Targeting innate sensing in the tumor microenvironment to improve immunotherapy.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2020Review
- Article
- Monocytic Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells in Hematological Malignancies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- T-cell modulation by cyclophosphamide for tumour therapy.Immunology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is often used to create a "window" for more effective therapeutic tumor vaccination. According to a commonly applied protocol, we injected 2 mg CTX intraperitoneally to mice with small (2 to 3 mm diameter) or large (5 to 7 mm, and in one experiment 8 to 10 mm diameter) subcutaneously growing tumors from the SW1 clone of the K1735 melanoma, euthanized the mice 4 days later and studied the composition of lymphoid cells by flow cytometry in both spleens and tumors. Administration of CTX increased the percentage of CD3, CD4, and CD8 cells with the increase in tumors being significantly greater than in spleens, and it also increased the percentage of B cells in spleens and tumors. Furthermore, CTX dramatically increased the frequency of tumor-infiltrating CD4 and CD8 cells containing interferon gamma, of cells expressing NK1.1, and of cells expressing the dendritic cell markers CD11c, CD80, and CD86, with the greatest increases seen among tumor-infiltrating lymphoid cells (TIL) from mice with small tumors. Although CTX decreased the percentage of TIL that expressed CD4 or CD8 together with CD25 and FoxP3 and were therefore considered to be regulatory T cells, it increased the frequency of TIL that stained for Gr1/CD11b, a marker for myeloid-derived suppressor cells. We conclude that the administration of CTX can favorably impact several cell populations that are involved in tumor rejection. However, since CTX has a limited effect on TIL from tumors larger than a few millimeter in diameter and in view of an increased percentage of myeloid-derived suppressor cells among TIL from mice given CTX there is a need for more effective ways to improve tumor vaccination.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.