ArticleEukaryotic cell2010
A putative P-type ATPase, Apt1, is involved in stress tolerance and virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans.
Article in Eukaryotic cell, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- The AP-1 adaptor complex is required for cell surface modifications and the survival ofInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- The lipid flippase MoNeo1 mediates vesicle trafficking and pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae.Stress biology · 2026Article
- Butyrolactol A enhances caspofungin efficacy via flippase inhibition in drug-resistant fungi.Cell · 2026Article
- The flippases Apt1 and Apt2 differentially influence extracellular vesicle cargo and polysaccharide secretion in Cryptococcus neoformans.Journal of proteomics · 2025Article
- Butyrolactol A potentiates caspofungin efficacy against resistant fungi via phospholipid flippase inhibition.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenic Fungal Virulence Regulation by Cell Membrane Phospholipids.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Improved Broad Spectrum Antifungal Drug Synergies with Cryptomycin, a Cdc50-Inspired Antifungal Peptide.ACS infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Loss of the putative Rab GTPase, Ypt7, impairs the virulence ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Phosphate availability conditions caspofungin tolerance, capsule attachment and titan cell formation inFrontiers in fungal biology · 2024Article
- Functional Analysis of the P-Type ATPases Apt2-4 fromJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A Putative P-Type ATPase Regulates the Secretion of Hydrolytic Enzymes, Phospholipid Transport, Morphogenesis, and Pathogenesis inFrontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- P-Type ATPase Apt1 of the Fungal PathogenJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Flippases play specific but distinct roles in the development, pathogenicity, and secondary metabolism of Fusarium graminearum.Molecular plant pathology · 2020Article
- Involvement of Mrs3/4 in Mitochondrial Iron Transport and Metabolism inJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2020Article
- Role of lipid transporters in fungal physiology and pathogenicity.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2019Review
- Identifying a novel connection between the fungal plasma membrane and pH-sensing.Molecular microbiology · 2018Article
- The putative flippase Apt1 is required for intracellular membrane architecture and biosynthesis of polysaccharide and lipids in Cryptococcus neoformans.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research · 2018Article
- Vacuolar zinc transporter Zrc1 is required for detoxification of excess intracellular zinc in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2018Article
- A P4-ATPase subunit of the Cdc50 family plays a role in iron acquisition and virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans.Cellular microbiology · 2017Article
- The Anti-helminthic Compound Mebendazole Has Multiple Antifungal Effects againstFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The export of virulence factors, such as the capsule polysaccharide, to the cell surface is a critical aspect of the pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans. A view of capsule export via exocytosis and extracellular vesicles is emerging, but the molecular mechanisms underlying virulence factor transport pathways remain to be established. In this study, we characterized the APT1 gene, which encodes a predicted integral membrane P-type ATPase belonging to the type IV, Drs2 family of aminophospholipid translocases (flippases) (APTs). APTs maintain the phospholipid asymmetry that is critical in membrane fusion events for trafficking and in establishing cell polarity. Deletion of the APT1 gene resulted in phenotypes consistent with similar roles in C. neoformans. These included altered actin distribution, increased sensitivity to stress conditions (oxidative and nitrosative stress) and to trafficking inhibitors, such as brefeldin A and monensin, a reduction in exported acid phosphatase activity, and hypersensitivity to the antifungal drugs amphotericin B, fluconazole, and cinnamycin. However, there was no difference in growth, capsule size, or melanin production between the wild type and the apt1 mutant strains at either 30 degrees C or 37 degrees C. Despite the absence of an influence on these major virulence factors, Apt1 was required for survival during interactions with macrophages, and apt1 mutants exhibited attenuated virulence in a mouse inhalation model of cryptococcosis. Therefore, Apt1 contributes to virulence and the stress response in C. neoformans through apparent functions in membrane fusion and trafficking that do not influence the deposition of major virulence factors, such as capsule and melanin, outside the cell.
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