ArticleJournal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology2010
Revised tumor and node categorization for rectal cancer based on surveillance, epidemiology, and end results and rectal pooled analysis outcomes.
Article in Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07297004 (Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Unresectable Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer), which is not on this map. Cited by 108 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Unresectable Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer: A Prospective, Single-arm, Phase II Study
Who cites it
108 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 243 citations in OpenAlex.
- The value of four imaging modalities in diagnosing lymph node involvement in rectal cancer: an overview and adjusted indirect comparison.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Personalizing prognosis in colorectal cancer: A systematic review of the quality and nature of clinical prognostic tools for survival outcomes.Journal of surgical oncology · 2017Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Selecting patients with locally advanced rectal cancer for neoadjuvant treatment strategies.The oncologist · 2013Pooled it
- Radiomic analysis for predicting prognosis of colorectal cancer from preoperativeJournal of translational medicine · 2022Trial
- Association of Bevacizumab Plus Oxaliplatin-Based Chemotherapy With Disease-Free Survival and Overall Survival in Patients With Stage II Colon Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of the AVANT Trial.JAMA network open · 2020Trial
- Total mesorectal excision with or without preoperative chemoradiotherapy for resectable mid/low rectal cancer: a long-term analysis of a prospective, single-center, randomized trial.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2018Trial
- High-resolution analysis of DNA copy number alterations in rectal cancer: correlation with metastasis, survival, and mRNA expression.Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] · 2014Trial
- Capecitabine and oxaliplatin in the preoperative multimodality treatment of rectal cancer: surgical end points from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project trial R-04.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2014Trial
- Positron emission tomography/computed tomography for optimized colon cancer staging and follow up.Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology · 2014Trial
- Anal carcinoma: impact of TN category of disease on survival, disease relapse, and colostomy failure in US Gastrointestinal Intergroup RTOG 98-11 phase 3 trial.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2013Trial
- Integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analyses reveal malignant epithelial glycolytic heterogeneity and spatial niche remodeling during colorectal cancer progression.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Article
- Integrated model of MRI biomarkers and clinical factors for predicting pathologic response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2026Article
- Prognostic role of lymph node-related indices and development/internal validation of a novel nomogram in colorectal cancer patients with synchronous lung metastases: a study based on the SEER database.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Prognostic significance of lymph node-related indices and a novel nomogram for rectal cancer patients with synchronous liver metastases after the preoperative chemoradiotherapy: a population-based study.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of Time-to-Event Machine Learning Models for Predicting Disease-Free Survival in Patients with Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter Cohort Study.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- A Comprehensive Evaluation of Lymph Node Staging and a Proposal to Subdivide N2b Category in Colorectal Cancer Patients.Cancers · 2025Article
- Effect of examined lymph node count on precise cancer-specific survival and effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy in resected colorectal cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics and survival outcomes of rectal cancer patients across different mrT3 substages determined by rectal MRI.International journal of colorectal disease · 2025Article
- Multi-omics in colorectal cancer liver metastasis: applications and research advances.Cancer biology & medicine · 2025Review
48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe sixth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) rectal cancer staging subdivided stage II into IIA (T3N0) and IIB (T4N0) and stage III into IIIA (T1-2N1M0), IIIB (T3-4N1M0), and IIIC (anyTN2M0). Subsequent analyses supported revised substaging of stage III as a result of improved survival with T1-2N2 versus T3-4N2 and survival of T4N1 more similar to T3-4N2 than T3N1. The AJCC Hindgut Taskforce sought population-based validation that depth of invasion interacts with nodal status to affect survival.
methodsSurveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) population-based data from January 1992 to December 2004 for 35,829 patients with rectal cancer were compared with rectal pooled analysis data (3,791 patients). T4N0 cancers were stratified by tumors that perforate visceral peritoneum (T4a) versus tumors that invade or are adherent to adjacent organs or structures (T4b). N1 and N2 were stratified by number of positive nodes as follows: N1a/N1b (one v two to three nodes) and N2a/N2b (four to six v > or = seven nodes). Five-year observed and relative survival rates were obtained for each TN category.
resultsSEER rectal cancer analyses confirm that T1-2N2 cancers have better prognosis than T3-4N2, T4bN1 have similar prognosis to T4N2, T1-2N1 have similar prognosis to T2N0/T3N0, and T1-2N2a have similar prognosis to T2N0/T3N0 (T1N2a) or T4aN0 (T2N2a). Prognosis for T4a lesions is better than T4b by N category. The number of positive nodes affects prognosis.
conclusionThis SEER population-based rectal cancer analysis validates the rectal pooled analyses and supports the shift of T1-2N2 lesions from IIIC to IIIA or IIIB and T4bN1 from IIIB to IIIC. SEER outcomes support subdividing T4, N1, and N2 and revised substaging of stages II and III. Survival by TN category suggests a complex biologic interaction between depth of invasion and nodal status.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.