ArticlePediatrics2009
Prenatal di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate exposure and length of gestation among an inner-city cohort.
Article in Pediatrics, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Phthalate exposure and female reproductive and developmental outcomes: a systematic review of the human epidemiological evidence.Environment international · 2019Pooled it
- A systematic review on the adverse health effects of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2016Pooled it
- Maternal exposure to di-2-ethylhexylphthalate and adverse delivery outcomes: A systematic review.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2016Pooled it
- Indoor exposure and adverse birth outcomes related to fetal growth, miscarriage and prematurity-a systematic review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2014Pooled it
- Reproductive and developmental effects of phthalate diesters in females.Critical reviews in toxicology · 2013Pooled it
- Maternal phthalate exposure, gestational length, and preterm birth risk: a prospective cohort study nested within a randomised trial.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Trial
- Prenatal Dibutyl Phthalate Exposure Dysregulates Fetal-Placental Vascular Function and Placental Vasculature-Specific Lipid Metabolism.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Plastic-Derived Pollutants as Emerging Modifiers of Viral Diseases.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Gestational phthalate levels and biomarkers of aging in infants and children from New York City.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Prenatal exposure to environmentally relevant low-dosage dibutyl phthalate reduces placental efficiency in CD-1 mice.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Article
- The hair tales of women of color in Northern Manhattan: a qualitative analysis.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2024Article
- A study on the association of placental and maternal urinary phthalate metabolites.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2023Article
- Urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and personal care product use during pregnancy - Results of a pilot study.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- Assessment of metabolic perturbations associated with exposure to phthalates among pregnant African American women.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- Dysregulation of the Amniotic PPARγ Pathway by Phthalates: Modulation of the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of PPARγ in Human Fetal Membranes.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Prenatal urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites and behavioral problems in Mexican children: The Programming Research in Obesity, Growth Environment and Social Stress (PROGRESS) study.Environmental research · 2021Article
- Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Exposures in Pregnancy: a Sensitive Window for Later-Life Cardiometabolic Health in Women.Current epidemiology reports · 2021Article
- Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Pregnancy and Prenatal Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals Commonly Used in Personal Care Products.Current environmental health reports · 2021Review
- Determinants of phthalate exposure among a U.S.-based group of Latino workers.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2021Article
- Associations of prenatal urinary phthalate exposure with preterm birth: the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) Study.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2020Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveOur objective was to assess the relationship between di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) exposure during pregnancy and gestational age at delivery among 311 African American or Dominican women from New York City.
methodsForty-eight-hour personal air and/or spot urine samples were collected during the third trimester. DEHP levels were measured in air samples and 4 DEHP metabolite levels were measured in urine. Specific gravity was used to adjust for urinary dilution. Gestational age was abstracted from newborn medical records (n = 289) or calculated from the expected date of delivery (n = 42). Multivariate linear regression models controlled for potential confounders.
resultsDEHP was detected in 100% of personal air samples (geometric mean: 0.20 microg/m(3) [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.18-0.21 microg/m(3)]); natural logarithms of air concentrations were inversely but not significantly associated with gestational age. Two or more of the DEHP metabolites were detected in 100% of urine samples (geometric mean: 4.8-38.9 ng/mL [95% CI: 4.1-44.3 ng/mL]). Controlling for potential confounders, gestational age was shorter by 1.1 days (95% CI: 0.2-1.8 days) for each 1-logarithmic unit increase in specific gravity-adjusted mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate concentrations (P = .01) and averaged 5.0 days (95% CI: 2.1-8.0 days) less among subjects with the highest versus lowest quartile concentrations (P = .001). Results were similar and statistically significant for the other DEHP metabolites.
conclusionsPrenatal DEHP exposure was associated with shorter gestation but, given inconsistencies with previous findings for other study populations, results should be interpreted with caution, and additional research is warranted.
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Registered trials
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