ArticleActa veterinaria Scandinavica2009
Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks in relation to the density of wild cervids.
Article in Acta veterinaria Scandinavica, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- The importance of wildlife in the ecology and epidemiology of the TBE virus in Sweden: incidence of human TBE correlates with abundance of deer and hares.Parasites & vectors · 2018Pooled it
- The Roles of Contrasting Host Types on the Environmental Abundance ofEcology and evolution · 2026Article
- Microorganisms inInternational journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2026Article
- Seasonal variation in prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Neoehrlichia mikurensis in Ixodes ricinus nymphs in southern Norway.Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · 2026Article
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- Effects of rodent abundance on ticks and Borrelia: results from an experimental and observational study in an island system.Parasites & vectors · 2024Observational
- Deer management generally reduces densities of nymphal Ixodes scapularis, but not prevalence of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto.Ticks and tick-borne diseases · 2023Article
- No net effect of host density on tick-borne disease hazard due to opposing roles of vector amplification and pathogen dilution.Ecology and evolution · 2022Article
- Prevalence and predictors of vector-borne pathogens in Dutch roe deer.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Incidence of Tick-Borne Encephalitis during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Selected European Countries.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
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- Seasonal patterns and spatial variation of Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) infections in Ixodes ricinus in the Netherlands.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
- Prevalence and co-infection with tick-borneInternational journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2019Article
- Diverse tick-borne microorganisms identified in free-living ungulates in Slovakia.Parasites & vectors · 2018Article
- Tick abundance, pathogen prevalence, and disease incidence in two contrasting regions at the northern distribution range of Europe.Parasites & vectors · 2018Article
- Seasonal Patterns in the Prevalence and Diversity of Tick-Borne Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Rickettsia spp. in an Urban Temperate Forest in South Western Slovakia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Effect of Climate and Land Use on the Spatio-Temporal Variability of Tick-Borne Bacteria in Europe.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks in southwestern Finland.Experimental & applied acarology · 2016Article
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum prevalence in ticks and rodents in an urban and natural habitat in South-Western Slovakia.Parasites & vectors · 2015Article
- Detection and quantification of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia spp. in Ixodes ricinus ticks from urban and rural environment, northern Poland, by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Experimental & applied acarology · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBorrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum have been considered as pathogens in animals and humans. The role of wild cervids in the epidemiology is not clear. We analyzed questing Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in spring for these pathogens from sites with high (Fjelløyvaer and Strøm) and low density (Tjore, Hinnebu and Jomfruland) of wild cervids to study the spread of the pathogens in questing ticks.
methodsFor detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum a 77-bp fragment in the msp2 gene was used. Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was performed using the FL6 and FL7 primers according to sequences of conserved regions of the fla gene. The OspA gene located on the linear 49-kb plasmid was used as target in multiplex PCR for genotyping. Genospecies-specific primers were used in the PCR for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. afzelii and B. garinii.
resultsInfection rates with Borrelia spp. were significantly lower at Fjelløyvaer and Strøm compared to Tjore and Hinnebu; Fjelløyvaer vs. Tjore (chi2 = 20.27, p < 0.0001); Fjelløyvaer vs. Hinnebu (chi2 = 24.04, p < 0.0001); Strøm vs. Tjore (chi2 = 11.47, p = 0.0007) and Strøm vs. Hinnebu (chi2 = 16.63, p < 0.0001). The Borrelia genospecies were dominated by. B. afzelii (82%) followed by B. garinii (9.7%) and B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (6.9%). B. burgdorferi s.s. was only found on the island of Jomfruland. The infection rate of Anaplasma phagocytophilum showed the following figures; Fjelløyvaer vs Hinnebu (chi2 = 16.27, p = 0.0001); Strøm vs. Tjore (chi2 = 13.16, p = 0.0003); Strøm vs. Hinnebu (chi2 = 34.71, p < 0.0001); Fjelløyvaer vs. Tjore (chi2 = 3.19, p = 0.0742) and Fjelløyvaer vs. Støm (chi2 = 5.06, p = 0.0245). Wild cervids may serve as a reservoir for A. phagocytophilum. Jomfruland, with no wild cervids but high levels of migrating birds and rodents, harboured both B. burgdorferi s.l. and A. phagocytophilum in questing I. ricinus ticks. Birds and rodents may play an important role in maintaining the pathogens on Jomfruland.
conclusionThe high abundance of roe deer and red deer on the Norwegian islands of Fjelløyvaer and Strøm may reduce the infection rate of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in host seeking Ixodes ricinus, in contrast to mainland sites at Hinnebu and Tjore with moderate abundance of wild cervids. The infection rate of Anaplasma phagocytophilum showed the opposite result with a high prevalence in questing ticks in localities with a high density of wild cervids compared to localities with lower density.
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