Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19942281›Full record

ReviewLancet (London, England)2009

Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions: overview and implications for policy makers.

Andy Haines, Anthony J McMichael, Kirk R Smith, Ian Roberts, James Woodcock, Anil Markandya, Ben G Armstrong, Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum, Alan D Dangour, Michael Davies and 4 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Lancet (London, England), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 115 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
115citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

115 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Observational
  6. The Community-Environment-Health Nexus: Connecting Community-Led Climate Action to Health Co-Benefits.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Priority Setting in the Context of Planetary Healthcare.Applied health economics and health policy · 2025
    Review
  10. A Flexible Framework for Urgent Public Health Climate Action.American journal of public health · 2025
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Climate Stressors and Physiological Dysregulations: Mechanistic Connections to Pathologies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Review
  16. Article
  17. "Climate Change and Health?": Knowledge and Perceptions among Key Stakeholders in Puducherry, India.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Article
  18. Accountability for carbon emissions and health equity.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2023
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Andy HainesLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. Electronic address: andy.haines@lshtm.ac.uk.
Anthony J McMichaelNational Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
Kirk R SmithSchool of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Ian RobertsLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
James WoodcockLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Anil MarkandyaIkerbasque, BC3 (Basque Centre for Climate Change), Bilbao, Spain; University of Bath, Bath, UK.
Ben G ArmstrongLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Diarmid Campbell-LendrumPublic Health and Environment (PHE), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Alan D DangourLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Michael DaviesBartlett School of Graduate Studies, University College London, London, UK.
Nigel BruceSchool of Population, Community and Behavioural Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Cathryn TonneLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Mark BarrettUCL Energy Institute, London, UK.
Paul WilkinsonLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This Series has examined the health implications of policies aimed at tackling climate change. Assessments of mitigation strategies in four domains-household energy, transport, food and agriculture, and electricity generation-suggest an important message: that actions to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions often, although not always, entail net benefits for health. In some cases, the potential benefits seem to be substantial. This evidence provides an additional and immediate rationale for reductions in greenhouse-gas emissions beyond that of climate change mitigation alone. Climate change is an increasing and evolving threat to the health of populations worldwide. At the same time, major public health burdens remain in many regions. Climate change therefore adds further urgency to the task of addressing international health priorities, such as the UN Millennium Development Goals. Recognition that mitigation strategies can have substantial benefits for both health and climate protection offers the possibility of policy choices that are potentially both more cost effective and socially attractive than are those that address these priorities independently.

Indexed as

Global HealthHealth PrioritiesClimate ChangeGreenhouse EffectPublic Health

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.