ArticleDer Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft2009
[Meibomian glands : part III. Dysfunction - argument for a discrete disease entity and as an important cause of dry eye].
Article in Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04052841 (Automated Morphological Analysis of Meibomian Glands), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Automated Morphological Analysis of Meibomian Glands
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ophthalmic Segmentation and Analysis Software (OASIS): A Comprehensive Tool for Quantitative Evaluation of Meibography Images.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Meibomian gland dysfunction is highly prevalent among first-time visitors at a Norwegian dry eye specialist clinic.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Quantitative analysis of morphological and functional features in Meibography for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: Diagnosis and Grading.EClinicalMedicine · 2021Article
- An automated and multiparametric algorithm for objective analysis of meibography images.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2021Article
- A Novel Automated Approach for Infrared-Based Assessment of Meibomian Gland Morphology.Translational vision science & technology · 2019Article
- Noncontact Meibography in Patients with Keratoconus.Journal of ophthalmology · 2019Article
- The prevalence of meibomian gland dysfunction, tear film and ocular surface parameters in an Austrian dry eye clinic population.Acta ophthalmologica · 2018Article
- The Effect of Solithromycin, a Cationic Amphiphilic Drug, on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Meibomian Gland Epithelial Cells.Current eye research · 2018Article
- Eyelid cleansing with ointment for obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2017Article
- Article
- [Testosterone reduces the expression of keratinization-promoting genes in murine Meibomian glands].Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft · 2013Article
- Aging and dry eye disease.Experimental gerontology · 2012Review
- Changes in gene expression in human meibomian gland dysfunction.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2011Article
- The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: report of the subcommittee on anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of the meibomian gland.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2011Review
- Meibomian gland dysfunction: endocrine aspects.ISRN ophthalmology · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), mainly synonymous with posterior blepharitis but typically without prominent inflammatory alterations of the lid margin, is a discrete disease entity and a frequent cause of wetting deficiencies of the ocular surface leading to dry eye disease that deserves increased recognition by clinicians. The history, classification, pathology, influencing factors, diagnostics and therapy are explained and discussed. MGD is mainly based on an obstructive mechanism caused by hyperkeratinization of the excretory duct and/or increased viscosity of the secretion (meibum) with subsequent deficiency of the tear film lipid layer. MGD is influenced by the hormonal status and by chemical and mechanical noxes as well as genetic defects and it occurs more frequently in women and generally increases with age. It results in stasis of meibum inside the glands, dilatation of the ductal system and eventually in atrophy and loss of glandular tissue (gland dropout). Careful investigation of the eyelids and lid margins with eversion, if necessary, should therefore be performed in every case of a wetting defect, notably before fitting contact lenses. Particularly important is the inspection of the meibomian orifices and diagnostic expression by mild mechanical compression of the lid.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.