ReviewNature2009
Materials engineering for immunomodulation.
Review in Nature, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 203 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
203 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as emerging anti-inflammatory agents: mechanisms, therapeutic advances, and future directions-a systematic review and meta-analysis.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Cancer therapy with iron oxide nanoparticles: Agents of thermal and immune therapies.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Biomaterial-EnabledCell biomaterials · 2026Article
- Geometry-Programmable Living Immunomaterials for Spatial Control of Innate Immune Signaling.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- A Microgel-Based Platform for Tunable Expansion and Function of γδ T-cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Vascularised Composite Allotransplantation: Emerging Applications in Reconstructive Surgery and Solid Organ Transplantation.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Overcoming impaired antigen presentation in tumor-draining lymph nodes facilitates immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Controlling intracellular processing to enhance spherical nucleic acid immune stimulation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Stimuli-responsive STING nanovaccine for systemic therapy of HPV-induced cancers.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Combined cancer immunotherapy with lipid nanoparticle delivery of oligo-based cGAS-agonistic adjuvant and peptide or mRNA vaccines.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- Yeast-Derived Glucan Particles: Biocompatibility, Efficacy, and Immunomodulatory Potential as Adjuvants and Delivery Systems.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Immunomodulatory Effects of Gold Nanoparticles: Impacts on Immune Cells and Mechanisms of Action.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- β-1,3 Glucan Microparticles & Nanoparticles: Fabrication Methods & Applications in Immunomodulation & Targeted Drug Delivery.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- Periodic Table of Immunomodulatory Elements and Derived Two-Dimensional Biomaterials.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Mannan-decorated STING-activating vaccine carrier for spatial coordinative stimulating antigen-specific immune responses.Fundamental research · 2025Article
- Monosaccharide coating modulate the intracellular trafficking of gold nanoparticles in dendritic cells.Materials today. Bio · 2024Article
- Transformable Gel-to-Nanovaccine Enhances Cancer Immunotherapy via Metronomic-Like Immunomodulation and Collagen-Mediated Paracortex Delivery.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2024Article
- Simultaneous enhancement of cellular and humoral immunity by the lymph node-targeted cholesterolized TLR7 agonist liposomes.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2024Article
- A new direction in periodontitis treatment: biomaterial-mediated macrophage immunotherapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- A novel microporous biomaterial vaccine platform for long-lasting antibody mediated immunity against viral infection.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2024Article
143 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The engineering of materials that can modulate the immune system is an emerging field that is developing alongside immunology. For therapeutic ends such as vaccine development, materials are now being engineered to deliver antigens through specific intracellular pathways, allowing better control of the way in which antigens are presented to one of the key types of immune cell, T cells. Materials are also being designed as adjuvants, to mimic specific 'danger' signals in order to manipulate the resultant cytokine environment, which influences how antigens are interpreted by T cells. In addition to offering the potential for medical advances, immunomodulatory materials can form well-defined model systems, helping to provide new insight into basic immunobiology.
Indexed as
Identifiers
19940915What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.