ArticleJournal of molecular neuroscience : MN2010
Maternal oral consumption of morphine increases Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase 3 activity during early neural system development in rat embryos.
Article in Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effect of Prunus amygdalus var. amara Essential Oil on Suppressing Morphine-Induced Cell Death via Inhibition of Inflammatory Cytokines and Nitric Oxide Production.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2026Article
- Review
- A Prospective Multi-Institutional Study Comparing the Brain Development in the Third Trimester between Opioid-Exposed and Nonexposed Fetuses Using Advanced Fetal MR Imaging Techniques.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2024Article
- AKR1B1 Represses Glioma Cell Proliferation through p38 MAPK-Mediated Bcl-2/BAX/Caspase-3 Apoptotic Signaling Pathways.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Article
- MRI Findings in Third-Trimester Opioid-Exposed Fetuses, With Focus on Brain Measurements: A Prospective Multicenter Case-Control Study.AJR. American journal of roentgenology · 2023Article
- Effects of prenatal opioid exposure on synaptic adaptations and behaviors across development.Neuropharmacology · 2023Review
- Understanding the effects of opioids vs non-opioids in the treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome, an in vitro model.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Association of Gestational Opioid Exposure and Risk of Major and Minor Congenital Malformations.JAMA network open · 2021Article
- Ferulic acid improves motor function induced by spinal cord injury in rats via inhibiting neuroinflammation and apoptosis.Acta cirurgica brasileira · 2021Article
- Intermittent hypoxia improves cognition and reduces anxiety-related behavior in APP/PS1 mice.Brain and behavior · 2020Article
- The cellular basis of fetal endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress in drug-induced neurodevelopmental deficits.Neurobiology of stress · 2019Review
- Pregnancy outcome following opioid exposure: A cohort study.PloS one · 2019Article
- Update of the Scientific Opinion on opium alkaloids in poppy seeds.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2018Article
- Generation and Characterization of Antibodies against Opioid Receptors from Zebrafish.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
- Article
- Morphine-enhanced apoptosis in selective brain regions of neonatal rats.International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience · 2013Article
- The Effect of Opium Dependency of Parent (s) on Offspring's Spatial Learning & Memory in Adult Male Rats.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2013Article
- Reversal of prenatal morphine exposure-induced memory deficit in male but not female rats.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2013Article
- Morphine preconditioning protects against LPS-induced neuroinflammation and memory deficit.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2012Article
- Morphine and microRNA Activity: Is There a Relation with Addiction?Frontiers in genetics · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Maternal morphine consumption has been shown to result in physical and neurobehavioral defects in fetus and offspring, but the underlying molecular mechanisms of these defects remain unclear. Regarding the critical role of apoptosis in normal development of central nervous system, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of intrauterine morphine exposure on programmed cell death of neuroblasts during the early development of neural system. Pregnant Wistar rats received morphine sulfate through drinking water at the concentration of 0.01 mg/ml (20 ml water per day for each rat) from the first day of gestation to the time of sampling. Control groups received tap water. Control and morphine-treated pregnant rats, each in five separated groups, were killed on gestational days 9.5 to 13.5, and the embryos were taken out, fixed, and embedded in paraffin. Immunohistochemical assay was used to reveal the protein expression of Bax, Bcl2, and the activation of caspase 3. The results showed a significant increase in Bax immunoreactivity in all of the mentioned embryonic days (E9.5 to E13.5) and a significant decrease in Bcl-2 immunoreactivity at days E10.5 and E12.5 in morphine-treated groups compared with control. Data analysis revealed that Bax/Bcl2 ratio was increased in all of the morphine-exposed groups. Consistent with these results, immunostaining of cleaved caspase 3 showed a significant increase at days E11.5 to E13.5. These findings suggest that morphine exposure during the first embryonic days may enhance the susceptibility of neuroblasts to apoptosis by upregulating the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 protein expression and increasing downstream caspase-3 activity. The increased probability of neuroblast apoptosis may be the cause of morphine-induced defects in the central nervous system development and its structural and neurobehavioral consequences.
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