ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2009
Dysregulation of germinal centres in autoimmune disease.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 248 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
248 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Disruption of memory B-cell trafficking by belimumab in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Non-parametric Heat Map Representation of Flow Cytometry Data: Identifying Cellular Changes Associated With Genetic Immunodeficiency Disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Trial
- A randomized trial of serological and cellular responses to hepatitis B vaccination in chronic kidney disease.PloS one · 2018Trial
- Artery tertiary lymphoid organs encode a pathogenic high-affinity autoantibody-autoantigen pair in atherosclerosis.Nature cardiovascular research · 2026Article
- rs57494551 increases CXCR5 expression and IgMJournal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Uncovering ectopic GC-like niches for tumor reactive lymphocyte priming in lung adenocarcinoma using Stereo-XCR-seq.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Obeticholic acid alleviates lupus pathology by inhibiting T follicular helper cell differentiation.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- A cholinergic checkpoint controls autoantibody selection via somatic hypermutation in lupus germinal centers.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of B Cell Tolerance in Health and Autoimmunity.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Plasmablasts as Translational Biomarkers in Autoimmune Diseases: From Cellular Dynamics to Clinical Decision-Making.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Spatial transcriptomics reveals an SPP1-centered immune-fibrotic axis associated with fibrosis-related tissue remodeling in IgG4-related disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Research progress on chimeric antigen receptor-based immunotherapy against autoimmune diseases.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- IRF7 controls spontaneous autoimmune germinal center and plasma cell checkpoints.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Cellular therapies in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2025Review
- Preclinical assessment of anti-arthritic activity of methanolic extract from processed Plumbago zeylanica roots.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- T-bet+ CXCR3+ B cells drive hyperreactive B-T cell interactions in multiple sclerosis.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- The origin of autoimmune diseases: is there a role for ancestral HLA-II haplotypes in immune hyperactivity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Common pathological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies in primary Sjogren's syndrome and primary biliary cholangitis: from tissue immune microenvironment to targeted therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
188 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In germinal centres, somatic hypermutation and B cell selection increase antibody affinity and specificity for the immunizing antigen, but the generation of autoreactive B cells is an inevitable by-product of this process. Here, we review the evidence that aberrant selection of these autoreactive B cells can arise from abnormalities in each of the germinal centre cellular constituents--B cells, T follicular helper cells, follicular dendritic cells and tingible body macrophages--or in the supply of antigen. As the progeny of germinal centre B cells includes long-lived plasma cells, selection of autoreactive B cells can propagate long-lived autoantibody responses and cause autoimmune diseases. Elucidation of crucial molecular signals in germinal centres has led to the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
Indexed as
Identifiers
19935804What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.