ReviewNature reviews. Molecular cell biology2009
Exploring protein fitness landscapes by directed evolution.
Review in Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 503 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
503 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Enhancing prediction accuracy for enzyme activity engineering through sequence co-evolution and epistatic relationship modeling.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Accelerating protein engineering: an integrated framework combines protein language models and epistatic landscape modeling.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Evolutionary strategies of late-stage diversification in bacterial biosynthetic gene clusters.Essays in biochemistry · 2026Review
- New paradigm of q-CAR drug development targeting disease-specific protein conformations.npj drug discovery · 2026Review
- Rank-guided learning accelerates automated enzyme engineering.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Evolutionary profiles for protein fitness prediction.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Designing fiber-gut microbiome interactions with active learning.Nature chemical biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Identification and Thermal Stability Modification of a Zearalenone Lactone Hydrolase ZHD30L.Toxins · 2026Article
- To Biotic or Abiotic: Biohybrid Systems for Artificial Photosynthesis.Chemical reviews · 2026Review
- Artificial Intelligence for Discovery in Life Sciences.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2026Review
- High-Throughput Screening of Isomeric Reaction Products by Droplet Microfluidics Coupled to Cyclic Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry.Analytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Promiscuity-Guided Enzyme Evolution via Substrate Multiplexed Screening.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Review
- Fitness translocation: improving variant effect prediction with biologically-grounded data augmentation.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Emergence of specific binding and catalysis from a designed generalist binding protein.Nature chemistry · 2026Article
- Structural basis of liver de-targeting and neuronal tropism of CNS-targeted AAV capsids.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Therapeutic peptides and proteins: Status and developments in drug delivery.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Review
- How far can you go? Extrapolating values of catalytic activity from known protein landscapes in natural and directed evolution.Chemical Society reviews · 2026Review
- Functional conservation with mechanistic drift: AMP activation in the evolution of archaeal sugar kinases.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
443 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Directed evolution circumvents our profound ignorance of how a protein's sequence encodes its function by using iterative rounds of random mutation and artificial selection to discover new and useful proteins. Proteins can be tuned to adapt to new functions or environments by simple adaptive walks involving small numbers of mutations. Directed evolution studies have shown how rapidly some proteins can evolve under strong selection pressures and, because the entire 'fossil record' of evolutionary intermediates is available for detailed study, they have provided new insight into the relationship between sequence and function. Directed evolution has also shown how mutations that are functionally neutral can set the stage for further adaptation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.