ArticleGenes & development2009
A novel class of small RNAs: tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs).
Article in Genes & development, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 750 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
750 citing papers in PubMed, 1,206 citations in OpenAlex.
- tRF-1-ArgTCG-1-1 promotes renal fibrosis by regulating β-catenin.Renal failure · 2026Article
- The emerging roles of small nucleolar RNAs, piwi-interacting RNAs, tRNA-derived small RNAs, and circular RNAs in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Stress-induced vtRNA1-1 modulates redox homeostasis and ferroptosis susceptibility in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Redox biology · 2026Article
- qMAP decodes RNA fragmentation dynamics in development and disease.Molecular systems biology · 2026Article
- Ovarian hormone loss modifies the nucleic acid cargo of circulating extracellular vesicles and skeletal muscle metabolism after acute exercise in rats.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Transfer RNA-Derived Small RNA-5'tiRNAGln Drives HNRNPC Phase Separation to Promote Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis by Regulating IGF1R.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Comparative Analysis of Reported Gene Targets and Binding Regions of Glu-CTC tRNA Fragments Across Human Diseases.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- A modular class-aware workflow for small RNA sequencing analysis using mouse sperm as a case study.Epigenomics · 2026Article
- tRNA-derived small RNAs in vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching and vascular remodelling.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- MicroRNAs and Other Small RNAs in Liquid Biopsies as Biomarkers for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Delving into tRNA-derived small RNAs in multiple myeloma: elevated 3'U-tRFBritish journal of cancer · 2026Article
- The Significance of the Regulation Between tRF-31-U5YKFN8DYDZDD and BMPER in the Pathogenesis of Gastric Cancer (GC).Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs in cardiovascular diseases: Progress and perspectives.Non-coding RNA research · 2026Review
- Serum 5'-tiRNA-iMet-CAT is a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and early postoperative assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma.World journal of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- RNA regulation in plants.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Review
- Human small non-coding tRNA-derived fragments as key hallmarks of host-virus interaction in viral infections.Cell & bioscience · 2026Review
- Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs in female reproductive disorders: emerging roles and clinical implications.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2026Review
- A Specific tRNA Half, 3'tiRNA-GlyGCC, Regulates Hypoxic Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation via Myrf-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.Cell proliferation · 2026Article
- Enhancement of Therapeutic mRNA Translation in Cellular Stress Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Ribonuclease DIS3 delays aging and senescence by generating tRNA halves.Nature communications · 2026Article
690 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
New types of small RNAs distinct from microRNAs (miRNAs) are progressively being discovered in various organisms. In order to discover such novel small RNAs, a library of 17- to 26-base-long RNAs was created from prostate cancer cell lines and sequenced by ultra-high-throughput sequencing. A significant number of the sequences are derived from precise processing at the 5' or 3' end of mature or precursor tRNAs to form three series of tRFs (tRNA-derived RNA fragments): the tRF-5, tRF-3, and tRF-1 series. These sequences constitute a class of short RNAs that are second most abundant to miRNAs. Northern hybridization, quantitative RT-PCR, and splinted ligation assays independently measured the levels of at least 17 tRFs. To demonstrate the biological importance of tRFs, we further investigated tRF-1001, derived from the 3' end of a Ser-TGA tRNA precursor transcript that is not retained in the mature tRNA. tRF-1001 is expressed highly in a wide range of cancer cell lines but much less in tissues, and its expression in cell lines was tightly correlated with cell proliferation. siRNA-mediated knockdown of tRF-1001 impaired cell proliferation with the specific accumulation of cells in G2, phenotypes that were reversed specifically by cointroducing a synthetic 2'-O-methyl tRF-1001 oligoribonucleotide resistant to the siRNA. tRF-1001 is generated in the cytoplasm by tRNA 3'-endonuclease ELAC2, a prostate cancer susceptibility gene. Our data suggest that tRFs are not random by-products of tRNA degradation or biogenesis, but an abundant and novel class of short RNAs with precise sequence structure that have specific expression patterns and specific biological roles.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.