ArticleImmunology2009
Toll-like receptor 4 signalling through MyD88 is essential to control Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection, but not for the initiation of bacterial clearance.
Article in Immunology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine promotes CD8Cell & bioscience · 2025Article
- The Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 injectisome reprograms host cell translation to evade the inflammatory response.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Potential probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains alleviate TNF-α by regulating ADAM17 protein and ameliorate gut integrity through tight junction protein expression in in vitro model.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Article
- The role of tissue resident memory CD4 T cells in Salmonella infection: Implications for future vaccines.Vaccine · 2023Review
- Release of HMGB1 and Toll-like Receptors 2, 4, and 9 Signaling Are Modulated byInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Transcriptomic Analysis of the Spleen of Different Chicken Breeds Revealed the Differential Resistance ofGenes · 2022Article
- Liver Transcriptome Response to Heat Stress in Beijing You Chickens and Guang Ming Broilers.Genes · 2022Article
- Ferritin H deficiency deteriorates cellular iron handling and worsens Salmonella typhimurium infection by triggering hyperinflammation.JCI insight · 2021Article
- Review
- Crosstalk Between Intestinal Serotonergic System and Pattern Recognition Receptors on the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- Type 1 interferon-dependent repression of NLRC4 and iPLA2 licenses down-regulation ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Article
- Paradoxical Roles of the MAL/Tirap Adaptor in Pathologies.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- IL-27 amplifies cytokine responses to Gram-negative bacterial products and Salmonella typhimurium infection.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Messenger RNA Sequencing and Pathway Analysis Provide Novel Insights Into the Susceptibility toFrontiers in genetics · 2018Article
- Inflammation drives thrombosis after Salmonella infection via CLEC-2 on platelets.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2015Article
- Salmonella Typhimurium Co-Opts the Host Type I IFN System To Restrict Macrophage Innate Immune Transcriptional Responses Selectively.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2015Article
- Now you see me, now you don't: the interaction of Salmonella with innate immune receptors.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2015Review
- Toll-Like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR9 play opposing roles in host innate immunity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection.Infection and immunity · 2015Article
- A re-evaluation of the role of B cells in protective immunity to Chlamydia infection.Immunology letters · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) is important in protection against lethal Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) infection. Control of the early stages of sublethal S. Typhimurium infection in mice depends on TLR4-dependent activation of macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells to drive an inflammatory response. TLR4 signals through the adapter proteins Mal/MyD88 and TRIF-related adaptor molecule (TRAM)/TIR-domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-b (TRIF). In the mouse typhoid model we showed that TLR4 and MyD88, but not Mal or TRIF, are essential for the control of exponential S. Typhimurium growth. TRIF(-/-) mice have a higher bacterial load in comparison with wild-type mice during a sublethal infection because TRIF is important for bacterial killing during the first day of systemic disease. Minimal pro-inflammatory responses were induced by S. Typhimurium infection of macrophages from TLR4(-/-), MyD88(-/-) and TRIF(-/-) mice in vitro. Pro-inflammatory responses from Mal(-/-) macrophages were similar to those from wild-type cells. The pro-inflammatory responses of TRIF(-/-) macrophages were partially restored by the addition of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and TRIF(-/-) mice produced markedly enhanced IFN-gamma levels, in comparison to wild-type mice, probably explaining why bacterial growth can be controlled in these mice. TLR4(-/-), MyD88(-/-), TRIF(-/-) and Mal(-/-) mice all initiated clearance of S. Typhimurium, suggesting that TLR4 signalling is not important in driving bacterial clearance in comparison to its critical role in controlling early bacterial growth in mouse typhoid.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.