ArticlePloS one2009
Visualisation and quantitative analysis of the rodent malaria liver stage by real time imaging.
Article in PloS one, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 125 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
125 citing papers in PubMed, 240 citations in OpenAlex.
- Revisiting 2-Substituted-4(1Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Potent acridone antimalarial against all three life stages of Plasmodium.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Imaging malaria parasites across scales and time.Journal of microscopy · 2026Review
- Optimization of Prodiginines as Single-Dose Curative Antimalarials.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Fluorescent Marinoquinoline Derivative as Inhibitors ofJournal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Acridone Prodrugs with Enhanced Dual-Stage Antimalarial Efficacy.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2025Article
- Optimization of Tambjamines Active against Multiple Stages of Malaria Parasites.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Development of Next-Generation Antimalarial Acridones with Radical Cure Potential.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Antiplasmodial and Insecticidal Activities of Third-Generation Ivermectin Hybrids.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- Optimization of B-Ring-Functionalized Antimalarial Tambjamines and Prodiginines.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- A novel 4-aminoquinoline chemotype with multistage antimalarial activity and lack of cross-resistance with PfCRT and PfMDR1 mutants.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Leveraging the Aggregated Protein Dye YAT2150 for Malaria Chemotherapy.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Differential effects of translation inhibitors onLife science alliance · 2024Article
- Translation inhibition efficacy does not determine thebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Block Copolymer Micelles Encapsulating Au(III) Bis(Dithiolene) Complexes as Promising Nanostructures with Antiplasmodial Activity.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Derivatives of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloid Ambelline as Selective Inhibitors of Hepatic Stage ofPharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Induction of liver-resident memory T cells and protection at liver-stage malaria by mRNA-containing lipid nanoparticles.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- The protein aggregation inhibitor YAT2150 has potent antimalarial activity in Plasmodium falciparum in vitro cultures.BMC biology · 2022Article
- Review
- Random Forest Model Predictions Afford Dual-Stage Antimalarial Agents.ACS infectious diseases · 2022Article
65 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The quantitative analysis of Plasmodium development in the liver in laboratory animals in cultured cells is hampered by low parasite infection rates and the complicated methods required to monitor intracellular development. As a consequence, this important phase of the parasite's life cycle has been poorly studied compared to blood stages, for example in screening anti-malarial drugs. Here we report the use of a transgenic P. berghei parasite, PbGFP-Luc(con), expressing the bioluminescent reporter protein luciferase to visualize and quantify parasite development in liver cells both in culture and in live mice using real-time luminescence imaging. The reporter-parasite based quantification in cultured hepatocytes by real-time imaging or using a microplate reader correlates very well with established quantitative RT-PCR methods. For the first time the liver stage of Plasmodium is visualized in whole bodies of live mice and we were able to discriminate as few as 1-5 infected hepatocytes per liver in mice using 2D-imaging and to identify individual infected hepatocytes by 3D-imaging. The analysis of liver infections by whole body imaging shows a good correlation with quantitative RT-PCR analysis of extracted livers. The luminescence-based analysis of the effects of various drugs on in vitro hepatocyte infection shows that this method can effectively be used for in vitro screening of compounds targeting Plasmodium liver stages. Furthermore, by analysing the effect of primaquine and tafenoquine in vivo we demonstrate the applicability of real time imaging to assess parasite drug sensitivity in the liver. The simplicity and speed of quantitative analysis of liver-stage development by real-time imaging compared to the PCR methodologies, as well as the possibility to analyse liver development in live mice without surgery, opens up new possibilities for research on Plasmodium liver infections and for validating the effect of drugs and vaccines on the liver stage of Plasmodium.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.