ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2009
Bystander or no bystander for gene directed enzyme prodrug therapy.
Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineered indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase variant: Oxidative activation of prodrug indole-3-acetic acid against cancer cells for targeted therapy.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Stem Cell-Delivered Cytosine Deaminase/5-Fluorocytosine and TRAIL Gene Therapy for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Translational Synthesis and First-in-Human Trial Concept.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Suicide gene therapy targeting ewing sarcoma via an ewing-specific GGAA promoter.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Human GST P1-1 Redesigned for Enhanced Catalytic Activity with the Anticancer Prodrug Telcyta and Improved Thermostability.Cancers · 2024Article
- Structural characterization of an isocytosine-specific deaminase VCZ reveals its application potential in the anti-cancer therapy.iScience · 2023Article
- Editing a gateway for cell therapy across the blood-brain barrier.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2023Review
- Engineered adult stem cells: a promising tool for anti-cancer therapy.BMB reports · 2023Review
- Bioreductive prodrug PR-104 improves the tumour distribution and titre of the nitroreductase-armed oncolytic adenovirus ONYX-411Cancer gene therapy · 2022Article
- Dendrimers as Non-Viral Vectors in Gene-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Review
- Engineering theFrontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Neural Progenitor Cells Expressing Herpes Simplex Virus-Thymidine Kinase for Ablation Have Differential Chemosensitivity to Brivudine and Ganciclovir.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Article
- Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Immunotherapy and for Gene and Drug Delivery.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2020Review
- SP94-Targeted Triblock Copolymer Nanoparticle Delivers Thymidine Kinase-p53-Nitroreductase Triple Therapeutic Gene and Restores Anticancer Function against Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Vivo.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2020Article
- Selective Ablation of Tumorigenic Cells Following Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Transplantation in Spinal Cord Injury.Stem cells translational medicine · 2019Article
- Increased Cytotoxicity of Herpes Simplex Virus Thymidine Kinase Expression in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Phase I/II clinical trial of the targeted chemotherapeutic drug, folate-tubulysin, in dogs with naturally-occurring invasive urothelial carcinoma.Oncotarget · 2018Article
- Ultrasound-guided delivery of thymidine kinase-nitroreductase dual therapeutic genes by PEGylated-PLGA/PIE nanoparticles for enhanced triple negative breast cancer therapy.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2018Article
- Regulated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mediated Colon Cancer Therapy Assessed by Reporter Gene Based Optical Imaging.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Prodrugs Towards Targeted Drug Delivery.The open medicinal chemistry journal · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gene directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) of cancer aims to improve the selectivity of chemotherapy by gene transfer, thus enabling target cells to convert nontoxic prodrugs to cytotoxic drugs. A zone of cell kill around gene-modified cells due to transfer of toxic metabolites, known as the bystander effect, leads to tumour regression. Here we discuss the implications of either striving for a strong bystander effect to overcome poor gene transfer, or avoiding the bystander effect to reduce potential systemic effects, with the aid of three successful GDEPT systems. This review concentrates on bystander effects and drug development with regard to these enzyme prodrug combinations, namely herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) with ganciclovir (GCV), cytosine deaminase (CD) from bacteria or yeast with 5-fluorocytodine (5-FC), and bacterial nitroreductase (NfsB) with 5-(azaridin-1-yl)-2,4-dinitrobenzamide (CB1954), and their respective derivatives.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.