ArticleVirology2010
Reversal of West Nile virus-induced blood-brain barrier disruption and tight junction proteins degradation by matrix metalloproteinases inhibitor.
Article in Virology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 145 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differential properties of NS1 glycoproteins in West Nile and Usutu viruses.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Type I IFN coordinates resistance and tolerance against Zika virus disease by inducing NK cell recruitment and limiting neutrophil-driven neuropathology in the brain.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease: Current Management, Emerging Therapies and Future Clinical Trial Priorities.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- A human blood-brain barrier model reveals pericytes as critical regulators of viral neuroinvasion.iScience · 2026Article
- Tembusu virus neuroinvasion and neuropathogenesis: lessons from blood-brain barrier dysfunction in neurotropic flaviviruses.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Unraveling the complexities of neurotropic virus infection and immune evasion.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Integrating Microorganism-Based Therapy and Emerging Biotechnology in the Treatment of Intracranial Central Nervous System Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- A central role for CCR2 in monocyte recruitment and blood-brain barrier disruption during Usutu virus encephalitis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Viruses and the Brain-A Relationship Prone to Trouble.Viruses · 2025Review
- Ex vivo study of neuroinvasive and neurotropic viruses: what is current and what is next.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Mosquito- and tick-borne orthoflaviviruses cross anFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Knowns and unknowns of TiLV-associated neuronal disease.Virulence · 2024Review
- Rift Valley fever virus is able to cross the human blood-brain barrierJournal of virology · 2024Article
- Usutu virus and West Nile virus use a transcellular route of neuroinvasion across an in vitro model of the human blood-brain barrier.Npj viruses · 2024Article
- MicroRNA-199a-5p attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption following ischemic stroke by regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.PloS one · 2024Article
- Unraveling the complex interplay: immunopathology and immune evasion strategies of alphaviruses with emphasis on neurological implications.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Review
- Metabolic response to CNS infection with flaviviruses.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Review
- Immune Functions of Astrocytes in Viral Neuroinfections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Review
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Though compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a pathological hallmark of WNV-associated neurological sequelae, underlying mechanisms are unclear. We characterized the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in WNV-infected human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVE) and human brain cortical astrocytes (HBCA), components of BBB and their role in BBB disruption. Expression of multiple MMPs was significantly induced in WNV-infected HBCA cells. Naïve HBMVE cells incubated with the supernatant from WNV-infected HBCA cells demonstrated loss of tight junction proteins, which were rescued in the presence of MMP inhibitor, GM6001. Further, supernatant from WNV-infected HBCA cells compromised the in vitro BBB model integrity. Our data suggest astrocytes as one of the sources of MMP in the brain, which mediates BBB disruption allowing unrestricted entry of immune cells into the brain, thereby contributing to WNV neuropathogenesis. Because of the unavailability of WNV antivirals and vaccines, use of MMP inhibitors as an adjunct therapy to ameliorate WNV disease progression is warranted.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.