ArticleJournal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)2010
Fragment C of tetanus toxin, more than a carrier. Novel perspectives in non-viral ALS gene therapy.
Article in Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany), 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03766321 (Interplay Between Gut Microbiota and Adaptive Immunity in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis), which is not on this map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Interplay Between Gut Microbiota and Adaptive Immunity in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: a Clinical Trial
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gene therapy breakthroughs in ALS: a beacon of hope for 20% of ALS patients.Translational neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- Tetanus Toxin Fragment C: Structure, Drug Discovery Research and Production.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Therapeutic Assay with the Non-toxic C-Terminal Fragment of Tetanus Toxin (TTC) in Transgenic Murine Models of Prion Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2021Article
- Neurotrophic Properties of C-Terminal Domain of the Heavy Chain of Tetanus Toxin on Motor Neuron Disease.Toxins · 2020Article
- Article
- Review
- Challenges of gene delivery to the central nervous system and the growing use of biomaterial vectors.Brain research bulletin · 2019Review
- Effectiveness of Fragment C Domain of Tetanus Toxin and Pramipexole in an Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease.Neurotoxicity research · 2019Article
- Article
- Tetanus toxin C-fragment protects against excitotoxic spinal motoneuron degeneration in vivo.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Tetanus toxin fragments and Bcl-2 fusion proteins: cytoprotection and retrograde axonal migration.BMC biotechnology · 2018Article
- DREAM-Dependent Activation of Astrocytes in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.Molecular neurobiology · 2018Article
- Fragment C Domain of Tetanus Toxin Mitigates Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity and Its Motor Consequences in Mice.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2016Article
- Neuroprotective Effect of Non-viral Gene Therapy Treatment Based on Tetanus Toxin C-fragment in a Severe Mouse Model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2016Article
- Type I Vs. Type II Cytokine Levels as a Function of SOD1 G93A Mouse Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Disease Progression.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2015Article
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a focus on disease progression.BioMed research international · 2014Review
- The changing scene of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2013Review
- Tetanus Toxin Hc Fragment Induces the Formation of Ceramide Platforms and Protects Neuronal Cells against Oxidative Stress.PloS one · 2013Article
- Sigma-1R agonist improves motor function and motoneuron survival in ALS mice.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2012Article
- Fragment C of tetanus toxin: new insights into its neuronal signaling pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The non-toxic carboxy-terminal fragment of tetanus toxin heavy chain (TTC) has been implicated in the activation of cascades responsible for trophic actions and neuroprotection by inhibition of apoptosis. Previous in vitro studies have described signalling pathways that underlie the administration of TTC to neurons. We investigated whether these properties were maintained in a mouse model of neurodegenerative disease. Naked DNA encoding for TTC was injected intramuscularly and neuromuscular function and clinical behaviour were monitored until endstage in the transgenic SOD1G93A mouse model that expresses a mutant variant of human superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). Our results indicate that TTC treatment ameliorated the decline of hindlimb muscle innervation, significantly delayed the onset of symptoms and functional deficits, improved spinal motor neuron survival, and prolonged lifespan. Furthermore, we found that caspase-1 and caspase-3 proapoptotic genes were down-regulated in the spinal cord of treated mice. Western blot analysis showed that the active form of caspase-3 was also down-regulated after TTC treatment and survival signals, such as the significant phosphorylation of serine/threonine protein kinase Akt, were also detected. These results suggest that fragment C of tetanus toxin, TTC, provides a potential therapy for neurodegenerative diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.