ArticlePatient preference and adherence2008
Review of the safety, efficacy and patient acceptability of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system.
Article in Patient preference and adherence, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Comparing options for females seeking permanent contraception in high resource countries: a systematic review.Reproductive health · 2021Pooled it
- Incidence of venous thromboembolism in women receiving transdermal oestradiol/testosterone with micronised progesterone in accordance with NICE guidelines.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- Article
- Long-acting, progestin-based contraceptives and risk of breast, gynecological, and other cancers.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- Article
- The Impact of Hormonal Contraceptive Use on Serotonergic Neurotransmission and Antidepressant Treatment Response: Results From the NeuroPharm 1 Study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Hypogonadism in Women with Prader-Willi Syndrome-Clinical Recommendations Based on a Dutch Cohort Study, Review of the Literature and an International Expert Panel Discussion.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Vasculitis associated with the use of an intrauterine device: A case report.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Article
- Estrogens in polycystic liver disease: A target for future therapies?Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2021Review
- Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System as a Contraceptive Method in Nulliparous Women: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
- Adverse events reported for Mirena levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device in France and impact of media coverage.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2019Article
- Contraception counseling for women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD): current perspectives.Open access journal of contraception · 2019Article
- Article
- A comparison of the expected and actual pain experienced by women during insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device.Open access journal of contraception · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The levonorgestrel-containing intrauterine system is an extremely effective, reversible and safe form of long-term yet reversible birth control. In view of its efficacy, it is a safer alternative to permanent contraceptive methods such as sterilization. It is especially useful in situations where use of estrogen-containing contraceptives is contraindicated. While menstrual disturbances are a common side effect, proper counseling improves compliance. In addition to its contraceptive effect, the levonorgestrel intrauterine system offers potential therapeutic benefits in other clinical contexts, including menorrhagia, symptomatic fibroids, endometriosis, and endometrial protection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.