ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2009
The initial steps leading to papillomavirus infection occur on the basement membrane prior to cell surface binding.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 173 papers.
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Who cites it
173 citing papers in PubMed, 284 citations in OpenAlex.
- Are two doses of human papillomavirus vaccine sufficient for girls aged 15-18 years? Results from a cohort study in India.Papillomavirus research (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2018Trial
- Human papillomavirus-encoded microRNAs: key regulators in cervical cancer development.RNA biology · 2026Review
- Molecular insights and therapeutic innovations in low-risk human papillomavirus-associated cutaneous wart.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Exceeding expectations: factors contributing to the potency of human papillomavirus vaccines.The Lancet. Microbe · 2026Review
- Article
- Molecular heterogeneity of HPV-associated cancers and strategies to overcome treatment resistance.Cancer heterogeneity and plasticity · 2026Article
- TGF-β-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition drives proteoglycan binding specificity of HPV-based drug conjugates for cancer cells.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- The nuclear import receptor importin-7 targets HPV from the Golgi to the nucleus to promote infection.Science advances · 2025Article
- Article
- Review
- How human papillomavirus (HPV) targets DNA repair pathways for viral replication: from guardian to accomplice.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- A comprehensive overview on the crosstalk between microRNAs and viral pathogenesis and infection.Medicinal research reviews · 2025Review
- Dysregulation of FURIN and Other Proprotein Convertase Genes in the Progression from HPV Infection to Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Immune responses to human papillomavirus infection and vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- The BICD2 dynein cargo adaptor binds to the HPV16 L2 capsid protein and promotes HPV infection.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Down-regulation of FA-BRCA Pathway in Cervical Carcinoma Gradually Reversed During the Development of Chemo-tolerance: Clinical Implications.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2024Article
- Inter-epitope spacer variation within polytopic L2-based human papillomavirus antigens affects immunogenicity.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Impact of age at vaccination and cervical HPV infection status on binding and neutralizing antibody titers at 10 years after receiving single or higher doses of quadrivalent HPV vaccine.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- Epidemiology, Molecular Pathogenesis, Immuno-Pathogenesis, Immune Escape Mechanisms and Vaccine Evaluation for HPV-Associated Carcinogenesis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
113 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Using a murine challenge model, we previously determined that human papillomavirus (HPV) pseudovirions initially bind preferentially to the cervicovaginal basement membrane (BM) at sites of trauma. We now report that the capsids undergo a conformational change while bound to the BM that results in L2 cleavage by a proprotein convertase (PC), furin, and/or PC5/6, followed by the exposure of an N-terminal cross-neutralization L2 epitope and transfer of the capsids to the epithelial cell surface. Prevention of this exposure by PC inhibition results in detachment of the pseudovirions from the BM and their eventual loss from the tissue, thereby preventing infection. Pseudovirions whose L2 had been precleaved by furin can bypass the PC inhibition of binding and infectivity. Cleavage of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) with heparinase III prevented infection and BM binding by the precleaved pseudovirions, but did not prevent them from binding robustly to cell surfaces. These results indicate that the infectious process has evolved so that the initial steps take place on the BM, in contrast to the typical viral infection that is initiated by binding to the cell surface. The data are consistent with a dynamic model of in vivo HPV infection in which a conformational change and PC cleavage on the BM allows transfer of virions from HSPG attachment factors to an L1-specific receptor on basal keratinocytes migrating into the site of trauma.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.