ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2009
Early response of mucosal epithelial cells during Toxoplasma gondii infection.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Gut microbiota-related metabolite alpha-linolenic acid mitigates intestinal inflammation induced by oral infection with Toxoplasma gondii.Microbiome · 2023Article
- Nano-Encapsulated Antioxidant: Retinoic Acid as a Natural Mucosal Adjuvant for Intranasal Immunization against Chronic Experimental Toxoplasmosis.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Nano-Encapsulated Melatonin: A Promising Mucosal Adjuvant in Intranasal Immunization against Chronic ExperimentalTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Archetypal type II and IIIFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- IL-33 promotes innate lymphoid cell-dependent IFN-γ production required for innate immunity toeLife · 2021Article
- Specific vaginal lactobacilli suppress the inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide stimulation through downregulation of toll-like receptor 4 expression in human embryonic intestinal epithelial cells.Bioscience of microbiota, food and health · 2017Article
- Complex Negative Regulation of TLR9 by Multiple Proteolytic Cleavage Events.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Article
- Recombinant Toxoplasma gondii phosphoglycerate mutase 2 confers protective immunity against toxoplasmosis in BALB/c mice.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2016Article
- Suitable in vitro culture of Eimeria bovis meront II stages in bovine colonic epithelial cells and parasite-induced upregulation of CXCL10 and GM-CSF gene transcription.Parasitology research · 2015Article
- Mechanism of fibroblast inflammatory responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2014Article
- Innate immunity to Toxoplasma gondii infection.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2014Review
- Latent toxoplasmosis and human.Iranian journal of parasitology · 2012Article
- The Role of TLR2 in Infection and Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2012Article
- Innate responses to Toxoplasma gondii in mice and humans.Trends in parasitology · 2011Review
- Modulation of early β-defensin-2 production as a mechanism developed by type I Toxoplasma gondii to evade human intestinal immunity.Infection and immunity · 2011Article
- Strain-specific activation of the NF-kappaB pathway by GRA15, a novel Toxoplasma gondii dense granule protein.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2011Article
- The evaluation of interleukin-8 chemokine in chronic and acute Toxoplasma gondii infection.Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The innate immune response of mucosal epithelial cells during pathogen invasion plays a central role in immune regulation in the gut. Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan intracellular parasite that is usually transmitted through oral infection. Although much of the information on immunity to T. gondii has come from i.p. infection models, more recent studies have revealed the importance of studying immunity following infection through the natural peroral route. Oral infection studies have identified many of the key players in the intestinal response; however, they have relied on responses detected days to weeks following infection. Much less is known about how the gut epithelial layer senses and reacts during initial contact with the pathogen. Given the importance of epithelial cells during pathogen invasion, this study uses an in vitro approach to isolate the key players and examine the early response of intestinal epithelial cells during infection by T. gondii. We show that human intestinal epithelial cells infected with T. gondii elicit rapid MAPK phosphorylation, NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, and secretion of IL-8. Both ERK1/2 activation and IL-8 secretion responses were shown to be MyD88 dependent and TLR2 was identified to be involved in the recognition of the parasite regardless of the parasite genotype. Furthermore, we were able to identify additional T. gondii-regulated genes in the infected cells using a pathway-focused array. Together, our findings suggest that intestinal epithelial cells were able to recognize T. gondii during infection, and the outcome is important for modulating intestinal immune responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.