ArticleDrug safety2009
Safety and quality assessment of 175 illegal sexual enhancement products seized in red-light districts in Singapore.
Article in Drug safety, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Screening and Determination of Synthetic PDE-5 Inhibitors in Adulterated Sexual Enhancement Supplements.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Sildenafil 4.0-Integrated Synthetic Chemistry, Formulation and Analytical Strategies Effecting Immense Therapeutic and Societal Impact in the Fourth Industrial Era.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Erectile Dysfunction in a Sample of Sexually Active Young Adult Men from a U.S. Cohort: Demographic, Metabolic and Mental Health Correlates.The Journal of urology · 2021Article
- Unsafe herbal sex enhancement supplements in Nigerian markets: a human risk assessment.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2019Article
- Steroids in traditional Chinese medicine: what is the evidence?Singapore medical journal · 2017Review
- Pharmacovigilance on sexual enhancing herbal supplements.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2016Article
- Isolation and structural characterization of a new tadalafil analog (2-hydroxyethylnortadalafil) found in a dietary supplement.Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis · 2015Article
- Microbiological contamination in counterfeit and unapproved drugs.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2014Article
- Radiation-induced erectile dysfunction: Recent advances and future directions.Advances in radiation oncologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn recent years, there has been increasing interest in the use of herbs and supplements as an alternative to drugs used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, in order to enhance sexual performance. Over the years, adverse events associated with the consumption of natural health products for sexual enhancement and the treatment of erectile dysfunction have been reported.
objectiveThe objective of this work was to assess the safety and quality of 175 sexual enhancement health products seized from makeshift stalls in red-light districts of Singapore.
methodSeven raids were conducted by the Health Sciences Authority, Singapore, in two red-light districts in February and March 2008. 175 sexual enhancement health products seized from makeshift stalls were extracted with methanol and screened for Western drug adulterants using high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The labels and claims of the products were also evaluated.
resultsOf the 175 products evaluated, 134 (77%) were found to be adulterated with Western drugs or their analogues. Most of these 134 samples (123 [92%]) were found to be adulterated with sildenafil. The extent of adulteration of these illegal health products with Western drugs, including synthetic phosphodiesterase type 5 enzyme (PDE-5) inhibitors, and the risks of consuming such illegal sexual enhancement products are discussed in this study. Because of the scope of the raids, sildenafil was the most common adulterant found. In addition, some products were found to contain high contents of sildenafil (>100 mg) and high contents of the antidiabetic drug, glibenclamide (glyburide). The resultant severe hypoglycaemia has led to ten fatalities.
conclusionThe presence of Western drug adulterants and their analogues in illegal sexual enhancement products seized from red-light districts in Singapore, and their often misleading labels and claims, put the health of consumers at risk. To safeguard public health, greater public awareness of the danger of consuming such illegal products and the lack of quality control of these illegal sexual enhancement health products is important.
Indexed as
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.