ArticleBiochimica et biophysica acta2010
Glucose regulated protein 94 is required for muscle differentiation through its control of the autocrine production of insulin-like growth factors.
Article in Biochimica et biophysica acta, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- GRP94 is indispensable for definitive endoderm specification of human induced pluripotent stem cells.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- CCDC134 controls TLR biogenesis through the ER chaperone Gp96.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Chaperone Proteins: The Rising Players in Muscle Atrophy.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Review
- Turnover of EDEM1, an ERAD-enhancing factor, is mediated by multiple degradation routes.Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms · 2024Article
- The endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP is a closure-accelerating cochaperone of Grp94.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- The ER Chaperones BiP and Grp94 Regulate the Formation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) Oligomers.Journal of molecular biology · 2021Article
- Glucose-Regulated Protein 94 (GRP94): A Novel Regulator of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Production.Cells · 2020Review
- Loss of melusin is a novel, neuronal NO synthase/FoxO3-independent master switch of unloading-induced muscle atrophy.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2020Article
- The Neglected Insulin: IGF-II, a Metabolic Regulator with Implications for Diabetes, Obesity, and Cancer.Cells · 2019Review
- A Human Variant of Glucose-Regulated Protein 94 That Inefficiently Supports IGF Production.Endocrinology · 2016Article
- Review
- Role of the unfolded protein response, GRP78 and GRP94 in organ homeostasis.Journal of cellular physiology · 2015Review
- Characterization of the Grp94/OS-9 chaperone-lectin complex.Journal of molecular biology · 2014Article
- Optimizing IGF-I for skeletal muscle therapeutics.Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society · 2014Review
- The stress protein/chaperone Grp94 counteracts muscle disuse atrophy by stabilizing subsarcolemmal neuronal nitric oxide synthase.Antioxidants & redox signaling · 2014Article
- Deletion of growth hormone receptors in postnatal skeletal muscle of male mice does not alter muscle mass and response to pathological injury.Endocrinology · 2013Article
- Diversity in the origins of proteostasis networks--a driver for protein function in evolution.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2013Review
- Sparing of muscle mass and function by passive loading in an experimental intensive care unit model.The Journal of physiology · 2013Article
- Increased expression of Gp96 by HBx-induced NF-κB activation feedback enhances hepatitis B virus production.PloS one · 2013Article
- Limitation of individual folding resources in the ER leads to outcomes distinct from the unfolded protein response.Journal of cell science · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum chaperone GRP94 is essential for early embryonic development and in particular affects differentiation of muscle lineages. To determine why an ubiquitously expressed protein has such a specific effect, we investigated the function of GRP94 in the differentiation of established myogenic cell lines in culture. Using both genetic suppression of expression, via RNA interference, and inhibition of function, via specific chemical inhibitors, we show that GRP94 expression and activity are needed for the in vitro fusion of myoblasts precursors into myotubes and the expression of contractile proteins that mark terminal differentiation. The inhibition can be complemented by addition of insulin-like growth factors to the cultures. GRP94 is not needed for the initial steps of myogenesis, only for the steps downstream of MyoD up-regulation, coinciding with the known need for synergistic input from growth factor signaling. Indeed, GRP94 is needed for the production of insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II) by the differentiating cells. Moreover, the depletion of the chaperone does not increase the rate of apoptosis that always accompanies myogenic differentiation. Thus, the major effect of GRP94 on muscle differentiation is mediated by its regulation of IGF production.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.