ArticleThe American journal of pathology2009
Conjunctival interleukin-13 expression in mucous membrane pemphigoid and functional effects of interleukin-13 on conjunctival fibroblasts in vitro.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rituximab in Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid: Current Evidence and Clinical Perspectives.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Immunological Interplay at the Ocular Surface of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid, and Ocular Graft Versus Host Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Review
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases: Therapeutic Update.Drugs · 2026Review
- Refractory ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid treated successfully with upadacitinib.Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG · 2026Article
- Dupilumab enables glucocorticoid withdrawal in refractory multisite mucous membrane pemphigoid: a case report.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Targeted Therapies and Pharmacologic Advances in Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid: A Comprehensive Review.Dermatology practical & conceptual · 2025Review
- Defining the limits of upper and lower conjunctival fornix depths in a healthy Asian Chinese population.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Challenges and advances in ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid (OMMP); from pathogenesis to treatment strategies.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Review
- Single-cell and molecular insights into the immunopathogenic mechanisms of oral mucous membrane pemphigoid.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Natural history of nonhuman primates after conjunctival exposure to Ebola virus.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Janus kinase inhibitors in autoimmune bullous diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- IL-13 Genetic Susceptibility to Bullous Pemphigoid: A Potential Target for Treatment and a Prognostic Marker.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Observational
- A Review of Clinical Disease Scoring Systems for Cicatricial Diseases of the Conjunctiva.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2020Review
- Ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid: a review.Immunologic research · 2019Review
- Proteases in Pemphigoid Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Interleukin-13 maintains the stemness of conjunctival epithelial cell cultures prepared from human limbal explants.PloS one · 2019Article
- Article
- The 2016 Bowman Lecture Conjunctival curses: scarring conjunctivitis 30 years on.Eye (London, England) · 2017Review
- Conjunctival Neutrophils Predict Progressive Scarring in Ocular Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is the dominant effector cytokine of fibrosis in pulmonary and liver disease. Excessive conjunctival fibrosis in the immunobullous disease ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) causes blindness; the pathogenesis of scarring in this disease is incompletely understood. To determine whether IL-13 is involved in conjunctival fibrosis in MMP, we studied the expression of IL-13 in ocular MMP patients before and after systemic immunosuppression and examined the effects of IL-13 on normal human conjunctival fibroblasts. We found high stromal cell expression of IL-13 in active ocular MMP by immunohistochemistry; 80% of these cells were CD3-positive T cells. Following immunosuppression, in clinically uninflamed, treated, ocular MMP patients, the number of IL-13 positive cells was significantly reduced, but this was still fourfold greater than in normal conjunctiva. IL-13 stimulated collagen lattice contraction and migration, and decreased production of mmp-3 and mmp-10 by human conjunctival fibroblasts. The addition of T cell culture supernatant to IL-13 synergistically augmented fibroblast migration. IL-13 also up-regulated surface expression of HLA-DR, CD80, CD40, and CD154 by conjunctival fibroblasts, suggesting a potential mechanism for fibroblast-T cell cross talk, via which fibroblasts may actively engage in perpetuating chronic inflammation and continued fibrosis. Together, these findings suggest that IL-13 is involved in conjunctival fibrosis in MMP, and that IL-13 has both profibrotic and pro-inflammatory effects on human conjunctival fibroblasts.
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