ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2009
Borrelia burgdorferi stimulates macrophages to secrete higher levels of cytokines and chemokines than Borrelia afzelii or Borrelia garinii.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase by Borrelia burgdorferi in human immune cells correlates with pathogenic potential.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2015Trial
- Mostly getting along -Borrelia burgdorferi and its manipulation of the host immune system.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Review
- Dynamics of Borrelial Antibodies in European Lyme Borreliosis Patients with Erythema Migrans.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Glycolytic reprogramming in host response toExperimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Lyme borreliosis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Probable European-profileFrontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Tick-borne coinfections modulate CD8Infection and immunity · 2025Article
- Lower Frequency of Multiple Erythema Migrans Skin Lesions in Lyme Reinfections, Europe.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Investigating the frequency of tick-borne infections in a case series of 37 youth diagnosed with pediatric bipolar disorder.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Toll-like receptor 1 polymorphism is associated with impaired immune tolerance, dysregulated inflammatory responses toFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Bridging the gap: Insights in the immunopathology of Lyme borreliosis.European journal of immunology · 2024Review
- Microbial genetic variation impacts host eco-immunological strategies and microparasite fitness in Lyme borreliae-reptile system.Ticks and tick-borne diseases · 2024Article
- Neuropsychiatric Lyme Disease and Vagus Nerve Stimulation.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- A tick C1q protein alters infectivity of the Lyme disease agent by modulating interferon γ.Cell reports · 2022Article
- An unexpected case of Borrelia garinii liver infection.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2022Article
- Borrelia burgdorferi Is a Poor Inducer of Gamma Interferon: Amplification Induced by Interleukin-12.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Epidemiologic, Clinical and Immunological Consequences of Co-Infections during Canine Leishmaniosis.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Review
- Systemic immune responses in patients with early localized or early disseminated Borrelia afzelii lyme borreliosis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2021Article
- Immune Response toCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2021Article
- Molecular detection ofCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
To delineate the inflammatory potential of the 3 pathogenic species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, we stimulated monocyte-derived macrophages from healthy human donors with 10 isolates each of B. burgdorferi, Borrelia afzelii, or Borrelia garinii recovered from erythema migrans skin lesions of patients with Lyme borreliosis from the United States or Slovenia. B. burgdorferi isolates from the United States induced macrophages to secrete significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)-8, CCL3, CCL4, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor than B. garinii or B. afzelii isolates. Consistent with this response in cultured macrophages, chemokine and cytokine levels in serum samples of patients from whom the isolates were obtained were significantly greater in B. burgdorferi-infected patients than in B. afzelii- or B. garinii-infected patients. These results demonstrate in vitro and in vivo that B. burgdorferi has greater inflammatory potential than B. afzelii and B. garinii, which may account in part for variations in the clinical manifestations of Lyme borreliosis.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.