ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2010
Indian men's use of commercial sex workers: prevalence, condom use, and related gender attitudes.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- A randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of a theory-based intervention promoting condom use among Chinese monogamous female sexually transmitted infection patients.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2014Trial
- Randomized controlled trial to test the RHANI Wives HIV intervention for women in India at risk for HIV from husbands.AIDS and behavior · 2013Trial
- Quality of life, mental health, and socio-demographic differences across sex work settings: implications for specialized healthcare and support services.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Covariates of Multiplicity of High-Risk Sexual Behavior Among Men in India: Evidence from the Latest Indian Demographic and Health Survey.Archives of sexual behavior · 2021Article
- Determinants of Heterosexual Adolescents Having Sex with Female Sex Workers in Singapore.PloS one · 2016Article
- Gender-based power and couples' HIV risk in Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand, north India.International perspectives on sexual and reproductive health · 2014Article
- A Reasoned Action Model of Male Client Involvement in Commercial Sex Work in Kibera, A Large Informal Settlement in Nairobi, Kenya.Human organization · 2014Article
- Characterizing sexual histories of women before formal sex-work in south India from a cross-sectional survey: implications for HIV/STI prevention.BMC public health · 2012Article
- Prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections among clients of female sex workers in Karnataka, India: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2011Article
- Adjustment for missing data in complex surveys using doubly robust estimation: application to commercial sexual contact among Indian men.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2010Article
- Prevalence of Shukra vega dharana in an Indian population: A cross sectional survey protocol.Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicineArticle
- The Use of Female Sex Workers Among Men in Nepal: Prevalence, STIs/HIV-Related Risk Behaviors, and Gender Ideology.Primary prevention insightsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesCommercial sex represents a critical context for HIV transmission within India and elsewhere. Despite research and programmatic attention to commercial sex workers (CSWs), less is known concerning the male CSW clients considered a bridge population for HIV transmission to the general population and thought to drive demand for the sex trafficking of women and girls. The current study assesses the prevalence of past year CSW contact, condom nonuse therein, and associations with demographic characteristics and gendered attitudes among a national sample of Indian men.
methodsThe nationally representative Indian National Family Health Survey-3 was conducted across all Indian states in 2005-2006; the current sample was limited to 46,961 sexually active men. Analyses calculated the prevalence of past year CSW contact and inconsistent condom use; adjusted logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations of demographic characteristics, sexual entitlement and justification of wife abuse with past year CSW contact, and inconsistent condom use.
resultsApproximately 1 in 100 Indian men (0.9%) reported past year CSW contact; over half of such men reported inconsistent condom use with CSWs. CSW contact was most common among men ages 15-24 (3.6%) and never married men (9.9%). Men's CSW contact related to higher levels of sexual entitlement (adjusted odds ratio = 1.64; 95% confidence interval 1.24 to 2.17) and justification of violence against wives (adjusted odds ratio = 1.41; 95% confidence interval: 1.03 to 1.93).
conclusionsMen's past year CSW contact was concentrated among young and unmarried Indian men; condom nonuse with CSWs was common. Traditional gender ideologies seemed to support men's CSW contact, bolstering consideration of this behavior as a gendered form of HIV risk. Findings provide direction for interventions to reduce men's CSW contact in the Indian context by describing high-risk subpopulations and indicating that gender ideologies should be addressed.
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