SynthesisEndocrine reviews2010
The effects of opioids and opioid analogs on animal and human endocrine systems.
Synthesis in Endocrine reviews, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 214 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
214 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 557 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of opium consumption on glycemic indices: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human and animal studies.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of intranasal oxytocin on social reward processing in humans: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Endocrine-related adverse conditions in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibition: an ESE clinical practice guideline.European journal of endocrinology · 2022Guideline
- Management of opioid use disorder and associated conditions among hospitalized adults: A Consensus Statement from the Society of Hospital Medicine.Journal of hospital medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Factors Associated with Low Bone Density in Opioid Substitution Therapy Patients: A Systematic Review.International journal of medical sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Adverse events associated with medium- and long-term use of opioids for chronic non-cancer pain: an overview of Cochrane Reviews.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- High-dose opioids for chronic non-cancer pain: an overview of Cochrane Reviews.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Opioids increase hip fracture risk: a meta-analysis.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2017Pooled it
- Effects of Intranasal Naloxone on Hypoglycemia-associated Autonomic Failure in Susceptible Individuals.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Trial
- Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation of acupuncture points enhances therapeutic effects of oral lactulose solution on opioid-induced constipation.The Journal of international medical research · 2019Trial
- ACTH and cortisol responses to CRH in acute, subacute, and prolonged critical illness: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover cohort study.Intensive care medicine · 2018Trial
- MySafeRx: a mobile technology platform integrating motivational coaching, adherence monitoring, and electronic pill dispensing for enhancing buprenorphine/naloxone adherence during opioid use disorder treatment: a pilot study.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2018Trial
- Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Bupropion as Treatment for Methadone-Emergent Sexual Dysfunction in Men.American journal of men's health · 2018Trial
- Early life adversity diminishes the cortisol response to opioid blockade in women: Studies from the Family Health Patterns project.PloS one · 2018Trial
- Intraoperative Low-frequency Electroacupuncture under General Anesthesia Improves Postoperative Recovery in a Randomized Trial.Journal of acupuncture and meridian studies · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Naltrexone effects on cortisol secretion in women and men in relation to a family history of alcoholism: studies from the Oklahoma Family Health Patterns Project.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2012Trial
- Association Between Opium Consumption and Lipid Profile: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Prolactin as a Candidate Biomarker in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Implications for Personalized Medicine and Post-Treatment Risk Stratification.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Chronic Opioid Use and Endocrine Disruption in Women: Mechanisms, Life-Course Vulnerabilities, and Reproductive Health Implications.Journal of xenobiotics · 2026Review
154 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Opioid abuse has increased in the last decade, primarily as a result of increased access to prescription opioids. Physicians are also increasingly administering opioid analgesics for noncancer chronic pain. Thus, knowledge of the long-term consequences of opioid use/abuse has important implications for fully evaluating the clinical usefulness of opioid medications. Many studies have examined the effect of opioids on the endocrine system; however, a systematic review of the endocrine actions of opioids in both humans and animals has, to our knowledge, not been published since 1984. Thus, we reviewed the literature on the effect of opioids on the endocrine system. We included both acute and chronic effects of opioids, with the majority of the studies done on the acute effects although chronic effects are more physiologically relevant. In humans and laboratory animals, opioids generally increase GH and prolactin and decrease LH, testosterone, estradiol, and oxytocin. In humans, opioids increase TSH, whereas in rodents, TSH is decreased. In both rodents and humans, the reports of effects of opioids on arginine vasopressin and ACTH are conflicting. Opioids act preferentially at different receptor sites leading to stimulatory or inhibitory effects on hormone release. Increasing opioid abuse primarily leads to hypogonadism but may also affect the secretion of other pituitary hormones. The potential consequences of hypogonadism include decreased libido and erectile dysfunction in men, oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea in women, and bone loss or infertility in both sexes. Opioids may increase or decrease food intake, depending on the type of opioid and the duration of action. Additionally, opioids may act through the sympathetic nervous system to cause hyperglycemia and impaired insulin secretion. In this review, recent information regarding endocrine disorders among opioid abusers is presented.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.