ArticleEndocrine-related cancer2010
Plasma sex hormone concentrations and breast cancer risk in an ethnically diverse population of postmenopausal women: the Multiethnic Cohort Study.
Article in Endocrine-related cancer, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer via Sex Steroid Hormones, Part 2: The Effect of Sex Steroid Hormones on Breast Cancer Risk.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Association between SHBG Asp327Asn (rs6259) polymorphism and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 10,454 cases and 13,111 controls.Molecular biology reports · 2012Pooled it
- Sex Hormones in Women With Elevated Breast Cancer Risk Undergoing Weight Loss.Western journal of nursing research · 2019Trial
- Effects of vitamin D supplementation during weight loss on sex hormones in postmenopausal women.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2016Trial
- Reduced-calorie dietary weight loss, exercise, and sex hormones in postmenopausal women: randomized controlled trial.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2012Trial
- PCOS and breast cancer risk: hormonal modulation and epidemiological trends.Reproductive health · 2026Review
- Oestrogen changes at menopause: insights into obesity-associated breast risk and outcomes.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- SMOTE-augmented machine learning model predicts recurrent and metastatic breast cancer from microbiome analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Current trends in breast cancer genetics, risk factors, and screening strategies.Journal of biological methods · 2025Review
- Circulating 27-hydroxycholesterol, lipids, and steroid hormones in breast cancer risk: a nested case-control study of the Multiethnic Cohort Study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2023Article
- Elucidating the roles of the mammary and gut microbiomes in breast cancer development.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Pre-treatment circulating reproductive hormones levels predict pathological and survival outcomes in breast cancer submitted to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.International journal of clinical oncology · 2022Article
- Physical activity and risk of benign proliferative epithelial disorders of the breast, in the Women's Health Initiative.International journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Obesity and Androgen Receptor Signaling: Associations and Potential Crosstalk in Breast Cancer Cells.Cancers · 2021Review
- Article
- Gut Microbiota as a Positive Potential Therapeutic Factor in Carcinogenesis: an Overview of Microbiota-Targeted Therapy.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2020Review
- Lifestyles and sexuality in men and women: the gender perspective in sexual medicine.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2020Review
- Pre-diagnostic sex hormone levels and survival among breast cancer patients.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2019Article
- B-glucans from Grifola frondosa and Ganoderma lucidum in breast cancer: an example of complementary and integrative medicine.Oncotarget · 2018Review
- Joint relative risks for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer from a clinical model, polygenic risk score, and sex hormones.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
To add to the existing evidence that comes mostly from White populations, we conducted a nested case-control study to examine the association between sex hormones and breast cancer risk within the Multiethnic Cohort that includes Japanese American, White, Native Hawaiian, African American, and Latina women. Of the postmenopausal women for whom we had a plasma sample, 132 developed breast cancer during follow-up. Two controls per case, matched on study area (Hawaii, Los Angeles), ethnicity/race, birth year, date and time of blood draw and time fasting, were randomly selected from the women who had not developed breast cancer. Levels of estradiol (E(2)), estrone (E(1)), androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and testosterone were quantified by RIA after organic extraction and Celite column partition chromatography. E(1) sulfate, DHEA sulfate (DHEAS), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were quantified by direct immunoassays. Based on conditional logistic regression, the sex hormones were positively associated and SHBG was negatively associated with breast cancer risk. All associations, except those with DHEAS and testosterone showed a significant linear trend. The odds ratio (OR) associated with a doubling of E(2) levels was 2.26 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.58-3.25), and the OR associated with a doubling of testosterone levels was 1.34 (95% CI 0.98-1.82). The associations in Japanese American women, who constituted 54% of our sample, were similar to or nonsignificantly stronger than in the overall group. This study provides the best evidence to date that the association between sex hormones and breast cancer risk is generalizable to an ethnically diverse population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.