ArticleInfection and immunity2010
Polyfunctional T lymphocytes are in the peripheral blood of donors naturally immune to coccidioidomycosis and are not induced by dendritic cells.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Exhausted T cell phenotypes in disseminated coccidioidomycosis.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Exhausted T cell phenotypes in disseminated coccidioidomycosis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Identification of Coccidioidomycosis Immunoreactive Peptides That Recall T-Cell Responses Indicating Past Exposure.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Challenges to Implementing a Vaccine for Coccidioidomycosis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- The Known and Unknown "Knowns" of Human Susceptibility to Coccidioidomycosis.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- T cell responses to control fungal infection in an immunological memory lens.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The Known Unknowns of the Immune Response toJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Coccidioidomycosis: Changing Concepts and Knowledge Gaps.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Host Response toFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- The Rise ofFrontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Card9- and MyD88-Mediated Gamma Interferon and Nitric Oxide Production Is Essential for Resistance to Subcutaneous Coccidioides posadasii Infection.Infection and immunity · 2016Article
- Cytokine Profiles from Antigen-Stimulated Whole-Blood Samples among Patients with Pulmonary or Nonmeningeal Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2015Article
- CMV latent infection improves CD8+ T response to SEB due to expansion of polyfunctional CD57+ cells in young individuals.PloS one · 2014Article
- Recent advances in our understanding of the environmental, epidemiological, immunological, and clinical dimensions of coccidioidomycosis.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2013Review
- Polyfunctional T cells accumulate in large human cytomegalovirus-specific T cell responses.Journal of virology · 2012Article
- Immunity to fungal infections.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2011Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection endemic in the southwestern United States that is increasing in incidence. While cellular immunity correlates with protection from clinical illness, the precise elements of that response are undefined. Using the coccidioidal antigen preparation T27K and multiparametric flow cytometry, the in vitro frequency of polyfunctional T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of naturally immune healthy donors and those who were nonimmune was determined. Polyfunctional CD4 lymphocytes, defined as producing intracellular interleukin 2 (IL-2), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), and tumor necrosis factor alpha simultaneously, had a frequency of 137 per 400,000 events among peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of immune donors compared to 11 per 400,000 PBMC from nonimmune donors (P = 0.03). When monocyte-derived mature dendritic cells pulsed with T27K (mDC(T27K)) were used for antigen presentation, the frequency of polyfunctional CD4 T lymphocytes did not significantly increase for either group, although mDC(T27K) did significantly increase the concentrations of IL-2 and IFN-gamma released by PBMC from nonimmune donors (P = 0.02). After in vitro stimulation with T27K, polyfunctional CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes of PBMC from immune donors had a mixture of low- and high-expression CCR7 cells, suggesting both effector and central memory, compared with predominantly high-expression CCR7 cells when PBMC were incubated with the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (P = 0.03). These data demonstrate the presence of polyfunctional T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of individuals with coccidioidal immunity and suggest a model for the in vitro testing of vaccine candidates for coccidioidomycosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.