Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19901036›Full record

ArticleGenome research2009

Epidemic multiple drug resistant Salmonella Typhimurium causing invasive disease in sub-Saharan Africa have a distinct genotype.

Robert A Kingsley, Chisomo L Msefula, Nicholas R Thomson, Samuel Kariuki, Kathryn E Holt, Melita A Gordon, David Harris, Louise Clarke, Sally Whitehead, Vartul Sangal and 8 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 361 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
361citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

361 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 553 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trends in horizontal gene transfer research inFrontiers in microbiology · 2024
    Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Trial
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  13. Exploring bet-hedging inmSystems · 2026
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  14. Host adaptation inApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Infection strategies ofGut microbes reports · 2026
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

301 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.

Robert A KingsleyThe Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom. rak@sanger.ac.uk
Chisomo L Msefula
Nicholas R Thomson
Samuel Kariuki
Kathryn E Holt
Melita A Gordon
David Harris
Louise Clarke
Sally Whitehead
Vartul Sangal
Kevin Marsh
Mark Achtman
Malcolm E Molyneux
Martin Cormican
Julian Parkhill
Calman A MacLennan
Robert S Heyderman
Gordon Dougan
Wellcome Sanger Institute · GBUniversity of Liverpool · GBKenya Medical Research Institute · KEMax Planck Institute for Infection Biology · DEOllscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway · IEUniversity College Cork · IE

Funding

Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 05/FE1/B882
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Whereas most nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) are associated with gastroenteritis, there has been a dramatic increase in reports of NTS-associated invasive disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates are responsible for a significant proportion of the reported invasive NTS in this region. Multilocus sequence analysis of invasive S. Typhimurium from Malawi and Kenya identified a dominant type, designated ST313, which currently is rarely reported outside of Africa. Whole-genome sequencing of a multiple drug resistant (MDR) ST313 NTS isolate, D23580, identified a distinct prophage repertoire and a composite genetic element encoding MDR genes located on a virulence-associated plasmid. Further, there was evidence of genome degradation, including pseudogene formation and chromosomal deletions, when compared with other S. Typhimurium genome sequences. Some of this genome degradation involved genes previously implicated in virulence of S. Typhimurium or genes for which the orthologs in S. Typhi are either pseudogenes or are absent. Genome analysis of other epidemic ST313 isolates from Malawi and Kenya provided evidence for microevolution and clonal replacement in the field.

Indexed as

Disease OutbreaksDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialAfrica South of the SaharaChild, PreschoolDNA, BacterialGenotypeHumansMolecular Sequence DataSalmonella InfectionsSalmonella typhimuriumSequence Analysis, DNADNA, Bacterial

Identifiers

PMID19901036
PMCPMC2792184
OpenAlexW2132530250

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.