ArticleThe journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians2009
Evidence for complement activation in the amniotic fluid of women with spontaneous preterm labor and intra-amniotic infection.
Article in The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Complement and CD4 T Cells in Preeclampsia and Offspring Neurodevelopment.Current opinion in physiology · 2026Article
- Complement and neutrophils are actively involved at the cervicovaginal interface in cases of adverse microbial composition, cervical shortening and spontaneous preterm birth.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Predictive Value of Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Platelets, Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), and Platelets-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) in Preterm Labor: Single and Combined Indices.Obstetrics and gynecology international · 2026Article
- Vaginal microbiome and preterm birth: Composition, mechanisms and microbiota‑directed therapies (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Increased Expression of Anaphylatoxin C5a-Receptor-1 in Neutrophils and Natural Killer Cells of Preterm Infants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Alternative pathway activation in pregnancy, a measured amount "complements" a successful pregnancy, too much results in adverse events.Immunological reviews · 2023Review
- The Role of Neutrophils in Pregnancy, Term and Preterm Labour.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Microbial-driven preterm labour involves crosstalk between the innate and adaptive immune response.Nature communications · 2022Observational
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- Pregnancy-specific transcriptional changes upon endotoxin exposure in mice.Journal of perinatal medicine · 2020Article
- Pathogenesis of preterm birth: bidirectional inflammation in mother and fetus.Seminars in immunopathology · 2020Review
- Essential Role of Complement in Pregnancy: From Implantation to Parturition and Beyond.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- The frequency and clinical significance of intra-amniotic inflammation in twin pregnancies with preterm labor and intact membranes.The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians · 2019Observational
- Qualitative assessment of knowledge transfer regarding preterm birth in Malawi following the implementation of targeted health messages over 3 years.International journal of women's health · 2019Article
- Choriodecidual leukocytes display a unique gene expression signature in spontaneous labor at term.Genes and immunity · 2019Article
- Complement C3a, But Not C5a, Levels in Amniotic Fluid Are Associated with Intra-amniotic Infection and/or Inflammation and Preterm Delivery in Women with Cervical Insufficiency or an Asymptomatic Short Cervix (≤ 25 mm).Journal of Korean medical science · 2018Article
- Plasma inflammatory and immune proteins as predictors of intra-amniotic infection and spontaneous preterm delivery in women with preterm labor: a retrospective study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2018Article
- Inflammatory and Immune Proteins in Umbilical Cord Blood: Association with Hearing Screening Test Failure in Preterm Neonates.Mediators of inflammation · 2018Article
- The Microbiome and Complement Activation: A Mechanistic Model for Preterm Birth.Biological research for nursing · 2017Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe complement system plays an important role in host defense against infection. Concentrations of complement split products or anaphylatoxins (C3a, C4a, and C5a) in biological fluids are considered to reflect complement activation. The purpose of this study was to determine if term and preterm parturition are associated with evidence of complement activation in the amniotic fluid. STUDY
designAmniotic fluid (AF) samples were collected from 270 women in the following groups: (1) normal pregnant women in midtrimester (n = 70), (2) term not in labor (n = 23), (3) term in labor (n = 48), and (4) preterm labor (PTL) (n = 129). PTL was categorized into: (a) PTL without microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) who delivered at term (n = 42), (b) PTL who delivered preterm without MIAC (n = 57), and (c) PTL with MIAC (n = 30). C5a, C4a, and C3a concentrations in amniotic fluid were determined by ELISA. Nonparametric tests were used for statistical analysis.
results(1) The median AF C5a concentration was higher in women at term than that of those in the midtrimester (p = 0.02); (2) Spontaneous labor at term was not associated with changes in AF concentrations of anaphylatoxins C3a, C4a, and C5a (all p > 0.05); (3) Among patients with PTL who delivered preterm, those with MIAC had higher AF C4a and C5a concentrations than those without infection (p < 0.01); and (4) AF C3a, C4a, and C5a concentrations were higher in patients with PTL with MIAC than in those with PTL without MIAC who delivered at term.
conclusionPatients with spontaneous preterm labor and intact membranes with microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity had higher median amniotic fluid concentration of complement split products C3a, C4a, and C5a than patients without intra-amniotic infection. These findings suggest that preterm labor in the context of infection is associated with activation of the complement system.
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