ArticleJournal of bacteriology2010
FolX and FolM are essential for tetrahydromonapterin synthesis in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emerging roles of pterins as signaling molecules in bacteria.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Co-targeting Metabolic Neighbours Constraints Bacterial Adaptive Evolution.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Microbial Ecological Signatures Predict Pathogen Emergence and Multidrug Resistance in Cystic Fibrosis Airways up to a Year in Advance.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Native metabolomics identifies pteridines as CutA ligands and modulators of copper binding.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Engineered phenylalanine hydroxylase coupled with an effective cofactor synthesis and regeneration system for high-yield production of 5-hydroxytryptophan.Bioresources and bioprocessing · 2025Article
- Production of aromatic amino acids and their derivatives by Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Review
- Syntheses of optically active monapterin, 7,8-dihydromonapterin, and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromonapterin from l-xylose.RSC advances · 2024Article
- Control of biofilm formation by anProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Wiring Between Close Nodes in Molecular Networks Evolves More Quickly Than Between Distant Nodes.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Control of Biofilm Formation by anbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Functional analysis of Rickettsia monacensis strain humboldt folA dihydrofolate reductase gene via complementation assay.Ticks and tick-borne diseases · 2023Article
- Advances in the microbial synthesis of the neurotransmitter serotonin.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Engineered Escherichia coli platforms for tyrosine-derivative production from phenylalanine using phenylalanine hydroxylase and tetrahydrobiopterin-regeneration system.Biotechnology for biofuels and bioproducts · 2023Article
- Class II LitR serves as an effector of "short" LOV-type blue-light photoreceptor in Pseudomonas mendocina.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP): Natural Occurrence, Analysis, Biosynthesis, Biotechnology, Physiology and Toxicology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Sulfamethoxazole drug stress upregulates antioxidant immunomodulatory metabolites in Escherichia coli.Nature microbiology · 2020Article
- An Unusual Route forJournal of bacteriology · 2020Article
- Enzymatic and Mutational Analysis of the PruA Pteridine Reductase Required for Pterin-Dependent Control of Biofilm Formation inJournal of bacteriology · 2020Article
- Evaluation of Pterin, a Promising Drug Candidate from Cyanide Degrading Bacteria.Current microbiology · 2018Article
- Microbial production of novel sulphated alkaloids for drug discovery.Scientific reports · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tetrahydromonapterin is a major pterin in Escherichia coli and is hypothesized to be the cofactor for phenylalanine hydroxylase (PhhA) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but neither its biosynthetic origin nor its cofactor role has been clearly demonstrated. A comparative genomics analysis implicated the enigmatic folX and folM genes in tetrahydromonapterin synthesis via their phyletic distribution and chromosomal clustering patterns. folX encodes dihydroneopterin triphosphate epimerase, which interconverts dihydroneopterin triphosphate and dihydromonapterin triphosphate. folM encodes an unusual short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase known to have dihydrofolate and dihydrobiopterin reductase activity. The roles of FolX and FolM were tested experimentally first in E. coli, which lacks PhhA and in which the expression of P. aeruginosa PhhA plus the recycling enzyme pterin 4a-carbinolamine dehydratase, PhhB, rescues tyrosine auxotrophy. This rescue was abrogated by deleting folX or folM and restored by expressing the deleted gene from a plasmid. The folX deletion selectively eliminated tetrahydromonapterin production, which far exceeded folate production. Purified FolM showed high, NADPH-dependent dihydromonapterin reductase activity. These results were substantiated in P. aeruginosa by deleting tyrA (making PhhA the sole source of tyrosine) and folX. The DeltatyrA strain was, as expected, prototrophic for tyrosine, whereas the DeltatyrA DeltafolX strain was auxotrophic. As in E. coli, the folX deletant lacked tetrahydromonapterin. Collectively, these data establish that tetrahydromonapterin formation requires both FolX and FolM, that tetrahydromonapterin is the physiological cofactor for PhhA, and that tetrahydromonapterin can outrank folate as an end product of pterin biosynthesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.