ReviewCancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)2009
Convergence of hormones, inflammation, and energy-related factors: a novel pathway of cancer etiology.
Review in Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- A trial sequential meta-analysis ofBioscience reports · 2019Pooled it
- Trial
- A pathway approach to evaluating the association between the CHIEF pathway and risk of colorectal cancer.Carcinogenesis · 2015Trial
- A low-glycemic load diet reduces serum C-reactive protein and modestly increases adiponectin in overweight and obese adults.The Journal of nutrition · 2012Trial
- Research Progress on the Molecular Mechanism of Metformin Regulating AMPK Signaling Pathway in Inhibiting Liver Cancer.OncoTargets and therapy · 2026Review
- Combinatorial Effects of Free and Nanoencapsulated Forms of Cabazitaxel and RAS-Selective Lethal 3 in Breast Cancer Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Elevated serum homocysteine levels associated with poor recurrence-free and overall survival in patients with colorectal cancer.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- NF-κB downstream miR-1262 disturbs colon cancer cell malignant behaviors by targeting FGFR1.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2023Article
- Nutrigenomics and microbiome shaping the future of personalized medicine: a review article.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2023Review
- How far along are we in revealing the connection between metformin and colorectal cancer?World journal of gastroenterology · 2021Review
- Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs): Structure, Functions, Signaling, and Role of Their Polymorphisms in Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility.BioMed research international · 2021Review
- Role of Genetic Ancestry in 1,002 Brazilian Colorectal Cancer Patients From Barretos Cancer Hospital.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Article
- Cancer cachexia induces morphological and inflammatory changes in the intestinal mucosa.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2019Article
- Insulin promotes progression of colon cancer by upregulation of ACAT1.Lipids in health and disease · 2018Article
- The NF-κB signalling pathway in colorectal cancer: associations between dysregulated gene and miRNA expression.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2018Article
- Beyond cancer genes: colorectal cancer as robust intrinsic states formed by molecular interactions.Open biology · 2017Article
- Genetic variants in the TGFβ-signaling pathway influence expression of miRNAs in colon and rectal normal mucosa and tumor tissue.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Article
- The Bioenergetic Health Index is a sensitive measure of oxidative stress in human monocytes.Redox biology · 2016Article
- Genes, environment and gene expression in colon tissue: a pathway approach to determining functionality.International journal of molecular epidemiology and genetics · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial disease with several hypothesized etiologic factors including inflammatory processes; hormones such as estrogen, androgen, and insulin; and energy-related factors. We present evidence that integrates these elements in a pathway we call the convergence of hormones, inflammation, and energy-related factors (CHIEF). First, given the physiology of the gut, substantial epidemiologic and molecular data support the hypothesis that activation of innate immunity in the normal gut mucosa by various environmental agents (commensal bacteria, dietary antigens, mucosal irritants, pathogens) and endogenous factors such as estrogen, androgens, and insulin levels provokes basal inflammation as an underlying factor of the association of insulin, estrogen, and energy-related factors with CRC. Second, critical genes involved in this pathway, e.g., phosphatase tensin homologue on chromosome 10 (PTEN) and serine threonine kinase 11 (STK11)/LKB1, are tumor suppressor genes often mutated in intestinal cancer or CRC. Third, laboratory experiments show that cellular PTEN and STK11/LKB1 tumor suppressor enzymes are vulnerable to inactivation by redox-active species, especially chemically reactive lipid mediators of inflammation and redox stress. Epidemiologic data further support the underlying proposal that CHIEF comprises important elements of CRC risk. Although this discussion of the CHIEF pathway focuses on CRC, we believe that this pathway may play an important role in the etiology of other cancers as well.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.