ArticleEmerging infectious diseases2009
Hepatitis E outbreak on cruise ship.
Article in Emerging infectious diseases, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection in the Context of the One Health Approach: A Systematic Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of the epidemiology of Hepatitis E virus infection in South - Eastern Asia.Virulence · 2021Pooled it
- Meta-Analysis of Human IgG anti-HEV Seroprevalence in Industrialized Countries and a Review of Literature.Viruses · 2019Pooled it
- Hepatitis E Seroprevalence in Europe: A Meta-Analysis.Viruses · 2016Pooled it
- Shellfish-borne viral outbreaks: a systematic review.Food and environmental virology · 2013Pooled it
- High hepatitis E virus prevalence in pig slurry samples from the north-western region of Germany.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Current global estimates, risk factors, and knowledge gaps for Hepatitis E virus (HEV): A scoping review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Shellfish as a Potential Source of Hepatitis E Virus: Epidemiological Evidence, Biological Plausibility, and Research Gaps.Viruses · 2026Review
- Spatial variation in risk factors for anti-hepatitis E antibody titers in a population-based German study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Hepatitis E Virus in the Role of an Emerging Food-Borne Pathogen.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Viral Transmission in Sea Food Systems: Strategies for Control and Emerging Challenges.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Lack of evidence for HEV infection in Baltic sea mussels (Mytilidae).BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Detection of Rocahepevirus ratti in Bivalve Mollusks from São Luís Island, Maranhão, Brazil: A Potential Transmission Route of an Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen?Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- The Prevalence of Enteric Viruses in Bivalve Molluscs in a Farming Area in Liguria, Northwest Italy.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Development and Application of a Multiplex Reverse Transcription-Droplet Digital PCR Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Hepatitis A Virus and Hepatitis E Virus in Bivalve Shellfish.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Evaluation of hepatitis E virus RNA persistence in experimentally contaminated cured pork liver sausages.Italian journal of food safety · 2024Article
- Common and Potential Emerging Foodborne Viruses: A Comprehensive Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Hepatitis E Virus Infection Epidemiology in Recipients of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Discovery of Hepatitis E and Its Impact on Global Health: A Journey of 44 Years about an Incredible Human-Interest Story.Viruses · 2023Review
- Review
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In 2008, acute hepatitis E infection was confirmed in 4 passengers returning to the United Kingdom after a world cruise. Epidemiologic investigation showed that of 789 persons who provided blood samples, 195 (25%) were seropositive, 33 (4%) had immunoglobulin [Ig] M levels consistent with recent acute infection (11 of these persons were symptomatic), and 162 (21%) had IgG only, consistent with past infection. Passenger mean age was 68 years. Most (426/789, 54%) passengers were female, yet most with acute infection (25/33, 76%) were male. Sequencing of RNA from 3 case-patients identified hepatitis E virus genotype 3, closely homologous to genotype 3 viruses from Europe. Significant association with acute infection was found for being male, drinking alcohol, and consuming shellfish while on board (odds ratio 4.27, 95% confidence interval 1.23-26.94, p = 0.019). This was probably a common-source foodborne outbreak.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.